From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oligosoma homalonotum, the chevron skink (Māori: niho taniwha),[2] is a large species of skink endemic to New Zealand, found only on Great and Little Barrier islands in the Hauraki Gulf. A cryptic forest dweller, it can hide underwater, and is under threat from introduced rats.
Examples :
This species still new and not available yet in the market
For the external links , refrences click here to read the full wikipedia article
9- Oligosoma genus :
Oligosoma is a genus of small to medium-sized skinks (family Scincidae) found only in New Zealand as well as Norfolk and Lord Howe islands. Oligosoma belongs to the Eugongylus group of genera in the subfamily Lygosominae; the genus Bassiana appears to be fairly closely related.
Otago skink, Oligosoma otagense
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Subphylum:Vertebrata
Class:Reptilia (paraphyletic)
(unranked):Sauria
Order:Squamata (paraphyletic)
Suborder:Lacertilia
Infraorder:Scincomorpha
Family:Scincidae
Subfamily:Lygosominae
Genus:Oligosoma
Girard, 1857
Species
Species :
The currently described and about to be described species are:
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Alborn skink, O. sp.
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Aorangi skink, O. roimata
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Barrier skink, O. judgei
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Brown skink, O. zelandicum
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Burgan skink, O. burganae
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Chatham Islands skink, O. nigriplantare
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Chesterfield skink, O. sp.
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Chevron skink, O. homalonotum
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Cobble skink, O. sp.
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Common skink, O. polychroma
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Crenulate skink, O. robinsoni
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Cryptic skink, O. inconspicuum
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Eyres skink, O. repens
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Falla's skink, O. fallai
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Festive skink, O. sp.
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Fiordland skink, O. acrinasum
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Grand skink, O. grande
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Green skink, O. chloronoton
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Kupe skink, O. sp.
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Lakes skink, O. sp.
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Long-toed skink, O. longipes
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Mackenzie skink, O. sp.
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McCann's skink, O. maccanni
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Moko skink, O. moco
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Nevis skink, O. toka
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Newman skink, O. sp.
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New Zealand striped skink, O. striatum
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Open Bay Islands skink, O. taumakae
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Otago skink, O. otagense
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Rangitata skink, O. sp.
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Scree skink, O. waimatense
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Shore skink, O. smithi
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Sinbad skink, O. pikitanga
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Small-scaled skink, O. microlepis
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Small-eared skink, O. stenotis
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Southern skink, O. notosaurus
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Speckled skink, O. infrapunctatum
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Spotted skink, O. lineoocellatum
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Suter's skink, O. suteri
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Tatahi skink, O. sp.
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Te Kakahu skink, O. tekakahu
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Whirinaki skink, O. sp.
Merging Oligosoma and Cyclodina :
A molecular phylogenetic analysis[2] has merged the old genus Cyclodina with Oligosoma, rendering Cyclodina an obsolete taxon. The species previously included in Cyclodina are:
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Copper skink, O. aeneum
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Hardy's skink, O. hardyi
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Lord Howe Island skink, O. lichenigera
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McGregor's skink, O. macgregori
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Marbled skink, O. oliveri
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Mokohinau skink, O. townsi
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Northland skink, O. northlandi (presumed extinct)
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Ornate skink, O. ornatum
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Robust skink, O. alani
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Slight skink, O. levidensum
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Whitaker's skink, O. whitakeri
For the external links , refrences click here to read the full wikipedia article
Examples :
This species still new and not available yet in the market
- Oligosoma otagense Otago skink :
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Otago skink (Oligosoma otagense) is a rare, endangered species of large skink in the family Scincidae, found in the rocky canyons and grassy patches of Central Otago, New Zealand.
Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Squamata
Suborder:Sauria
Family:Scincidae
Genus:Oligosoma
Species:O. otagense
Binomial name
Oligosoma otagense
McCann, 1955
Synonyms
-
Girardiscincus otagense(McCann, 1955)
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Leiolopisma grande ssp. otagense McCann, 1955
Physical characteristics :
Otago skinks are large compared to other New Zealand skinks, growing up to 12 inches (30 cm). They are marked with distinctive black, yellow, and green spots, which provides excellent camouflage in their rocky habitat of lichen-covered rocks and schist outcrops. Juveniles have more of a yellow base with dark blotches and shorter limbs. Like most skinks, Otago skinks are omnivores and feed on a wide variety of insects, fleshy fruits, flower petals, or even other small reptiles.[2] They are long-lived, reaching around 16 years in the wild and up to 40 years in captivity, and are slow to mature, reaching sexual maturity at 3–4 years. Unlike many reptiles, this species is ovoviviparous, with eggs hatching in the mother's body, who then gives birth to live young.[3] Three to four young are born between January to March.
Distribution and habitat
Otago skinks are only found in very specific locations in Otago. Most are found in eastern Otago, between Macreas Flat and Sutton, usually up to 1,000 meters in elevation. There is also a smaller population in western Otago between Lake Hāwea and Lindis Pass.[4] The combined range is nearly 860 mi2[citation needed]. Although the two populations are morphologically similar, there has been speculation as to whether they have undergone genetic divergence. A phylogeographic analysis found a separation in lineages but that gene flow was still occurring in neighboring locations, and suggested that the two regions be assessed and treated separately.
Although individuals occasionally are found in the surrounding tussocks, the skinks are typically limited to the large schist rock outcroppings found in that region. They can often be seen sunning themselves on these rocks to regulate body temperature and seek refuge in the deep crevices when alarmed, at night and on cold days.
An estimate from 2001 found that the range of the Otago skink had decreased by roughly 90% over the last 100 years, presumably driven by land use changes, particularly the intensification of farming, and the introduction of mammalian predators.
A basking individual
Conservation :
The Otago skink has been assessed as Endangered by the IUCN, based on its very limited range and low total population.[1] As of 2012 the Department of Conservation (DOC) has classified the Otago Skink as Nationally Critical under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, and research into conservation management is ongoing.
Most threats to the species seem to derive from anthropogenic sources. Agriculture and mining have over time taken up much of its habitat, altering the landscape and removing food sources and cover. This was compounded by the introduction of mammalian predators. The Otago skink, having historically been exposed to only limited predation from native birds, was heavily impacted by the spread of house cats, rabbits, ferrets, and weasels in conjunction with the increasing lack of sheltering habitats.
Anthropogenic threats appear to be combining with natural traits suich as low productivity and late sexual maturity to inhibit the recovery of the species. Additionally, the skink currently requires a specialised habitat, leaving the populations isolated and small with virtually no room for relocation or expanding.
Conservation efforts consisting of habitat protection, predator-proof fencing and predator control[6] have been in force for some time. A management trial was developed in 2005 that lead to a major population recovery. Habitat conservation, predator control, and program monitoring became major objectives and have since proven successful, as skink numbers are slowly increasing. The Otago skink is currently fully protected under New Zealand law. DOC aims to continue efforts for management in situ, but some captive management has been carried out by breeders, conservation organizations, and zoos to ensure preservation from natural catastrophe.[2] At one point, it was estimated that the species would become functionally extinct; work to protect the population has made this less likely, but the species is still considered to be at risk of extinction.
For the external links , refrences click here to read the full wikipedia article
Other websites :
- www.iucnredlist.org/details/15260/0
- reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Oligosoma&species=otagense
Video :
New Zealand Reptiles: Otago Skink (Oligosoma otagense)
Otago Skinks
Otago skink
Grand and Otago Skinks
- Oligosoma homalonotum, the chevron skink :
Chevron skink
Conservation status :
Nationally Vulnerable (NZ TCS)[1]
Scientific classification:
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Squamata
Family:Scincidae
Genus:Oligosoma
Species:O. homalonotum
Binomial name :
Oligosoma homalonotum
(Boulenger, 1906)
Distribution :
First described in 1906, the museum type specimen was mislabelled as coming from Flat Island in the Mokohinau group, so the species was not located again until 70 years later, when Hardy found 13 specimens on Great Barrier Island.[3] It seems likely that chevron skinks were once found on the northern North Island: subfossil remains of large skinks have been recovered from Tokerau Beach and Waipu,[4]and large lizards were reported from the Hokianga in the early 20th century.[4] Like many New Zealand lizards, introduced predators have confined them to offshore islands as "pseudoendemics".
Description :
The specific epithet, "homalonotum", means "smoothed backed".[5] O. homalonotum is light reddish brown in colour, becoming grey on the neck and head,[6] with distinctive black markings under the chin.[4] The common name of the species has its origins in the distinctive chevrons along its back and tail; these arrow-shaped markings all point towards the head of the animal.[7] The longest New Zealand lizard,[4] it can grow to lengths of 30 cm including the tail,[7] with a SVL (Snout–Vent Length) of 143 mm.
Ecology :
Although active during the day, the chevron skink is very secretive and well camouflaged against a background of fern fronds or leaf litter. It is prone to dehydration, so prefers to live on forested stream margins.[2] It is able to retreat underwater and hold its breath to avoid predators, and will climb vegetation and hide to escape flash floods.[8] Juveniles seem to prefer the banks of rocky streams, living in debris dams and rock crevices, and adults are occasionally found in trees.[3] Chevron skinks eat invertebrates such as spiders, insect larvae, and small snails.[4] Litters of up to eight young are produced in late summer–early autumn.
Conservation status :
Up to the 1990s, there had only been 100 or so sightings of this species, so a research programme led by the Department of Conservation (DOC) began to assess its conservation status.[2] In 2012, DOC classified the chevron skink as Nationally Vulnerable under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[1]
The largest population is on Great Barrier Island, in at least 20 catchments, where they coexist with goats, pigs, feral cats, mice, and two species of rats.[3] They are extremely secretive, with catch frequencies of approximately one found every 400 trap-days.[3][4] Conservation efforts have focused on education, goat andpig control, and intensive predator control in certain areas.[8]
Only two chevron skinks have been seen on Hauturu (Little Barrier),[2] one after over 20,000 trap days of effort.[4] Cats have already been removed from 3,083 hectares (7,620 acres) Little Barrier Island, and DOC have proposed removing kiore (Rattus exulans).
The holotype of the chevron skink (Oligosoma homalonotum) in the Whanganui Regional Museum, from the Henry Suter collection.
For the external links , refrences click here to read the full wikipedia article
Other websites :
- newzealandecology.org/nzje/2330.pdf
- www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/reptiles-and-frogs/lizards/skinks/chevron-skink/
- www.iucnredlist.org/details/15256/0
- reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Oligosoma&species=homalonotum
Videos :
Chevron Skink
NZ & NL Lizards
- Oligosoma infrapunctatum, the speckled skink :
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oligosoma infrapunctatum, the speckled skink, is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is endemic to New Zealand.[1]
The speckled skink is classified under the New Zealand Threat Classification System as being in 'gradual decline'.
Distribution :
Oligosoma infrapunctatum is a widespread but patchily distributed skink with a distribution spanning the North Island from the Bay of Plenty south, and the South Island in the Marlborough Sounds, Nelson and Westland regions. It occurs in open forest, scrubland and tussock grassland from sea level to the subalpine zone,[3] on boulder beaches in the Westland region of the South Island [4] and occasionally in farmland and other modified habitats.[4]
Biogeography :
Recent genetic studies showed deep genetic divisions within O. infrapunctatum indicating that it is probably a complex of cryptic species which diverged in the Pliocene.
Speckled skink
Conservation status :
Near Threatened (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification :
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Squamata
Family:Scincidae
Genus:Oligosoma
Species:O. infrapunctatum
Binomial name :
Oligosoma infrapunctatum
(Boulenger, 1887)
Other websites :
- www.iucnredlist.org/details/15264/0
- reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Oligosoma&species=infrapunctatum
- Very Good : www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/TSRP48.pdf
For the external links , refrences click here to read the full wikipedia article
- Suter's skink (Oligosoma suteri) :
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia :
Suter's skink (Oligosoma suteri) is the only native New Zealand skink to lay eggs – hence its other common name, the egg-laying skink. (The egg-laying rainbow skink is present in some parts of New Zealand, but is introduced from Australia). O. suteri lives on northern offshore islands, from the Three Kings Islands to the Alderman Islands. It inhabits the coast, often very close to the water, eating mainly intertidal amphipods that in turn subsist on dead seaweed. It is known to hunt for prey in rock pools and is a capable swimmer.[1] Suter's skink reaches densities (up to 13/m2) that are among the highest lizard densities anywhere in the world.[2]
It is named after Henry Suter (1841–1918), New Zealand zoologist and palaeontologist.
Suter's skink
Conservation status :
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification :
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Squamata
Suborder:Sauria
Family:Scincidae
Genus:Oligosoma
Species:O. suteri
Binomial name:
Oligosoma suteri
(Boulenger 1906)
For the external links , refrences click here to read the full wikipedia article
Other websites :
- www.iucnredlist.org/details/178624/0
- reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Oligosoma&species=suteri
General video :
New Zealand: A Primitive Paradise in the Modern World
Please select or follow below :
SKINKS SPECIES : Blue - tongued skinks : Part 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7
Five - Lined Skinks : Part 1 - 2
Other Skinks : ASIAN & AFRICAN skinks : Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Other Skinks American Part : 1 - 2 - 3
Other Skinks Australian Part : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Please select or follow below :
SKINKS SPECIES : Blue - tongued skinks : Part 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7
Five - Lined Skinks : Part 1 - 2
Other Skinks : ASIAN & AFRICAN skinks : Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Other Skinks American Part : 1 - 2 - 3
Other Skinks Australian Part : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14