Goldfish guide-Part3 | tropical-hobbies

Fish Keeping Difficulty :

Ranchu Goldfish are some of the more delicate species of goldfish. Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish, they have a lower tolerance for pollution. They will need good care and plenty of space. When it comes to feeding, they will not thrive well with fast competitive tank mates.

Many people will keep goldfish in an aquarium with no heater or filtration. But for the best success in keeping goldfish, provide them the same filtration, especially biological filtration, that other aquarium residents enjoy.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult - This fish is often highly inbred leading to genetically weak specimens. The wen is very prone to infection. Ranchu Goldfish are generally considered to be among the less hardy of goldfish types.
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate - Ranchu Goldfish require a more experienced keeper to maintain their rather delicate health.

Foods and Feeding:

Since they are omnivorous, the Ranchu Goldfish will generally eat all kinds of fresh, frozen, and flake foods. To keep a good balance give them a high quality flake food everyday. To care for your Ranchu Goldfish, feed brine shrimp (either live or frozen), blood worms, Daphnia, or tubifex worms as a treat. It is usually better to feed freeze-dried foods as opposed to live foods to avoid parasites and bacterial infections that could be present in live foods. Due to their fleshy head growth they can have poor vision and a harder time seeing their food, so need extra time to feed.

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

Aquarium Care :

Regular weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 is strongly recommended to keep these fish healthy. Snails can be added as they reduce the algae in the tank, helping to keep it clean.

Water Changes: Weekly

Aquarium Setup :

Setting up a goldfish aquarium in a manner that will keep your fish happy and healthy is the first step to success. The shape and size of the aquarium is important and depends upon the number of goldfish you are going to keep. These fish need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste.

Good filtration, especially biological filtration, is very helpful in maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Filtration systems remove much of the detritus, excess foods and waste. This in turn helps to keep the tank clean and maintain the general health of the goldfish.

Tank parameters to consider when choosing a goldfish aquarium:
- Tank sizeTen gallons is the absolute minimum required to house a Ranchu Goldfish. It's best to start with a 20 - 30 gallon tank for your first goldfish and then increase the size of the tank by 10 gallons for each additional goldfish. Providing a large amount of water per fish will help dilute the amount of waste and reduce the number of water changes needed..
- Tank ShapeAlways provide the maximum amount of surface area. A large surface area of water will help minimize goldfish suffering from an oxygen shortage. Surface area is determined by the shape of the tank. For example an elongated tank offers more surface area (and oxygen) than a tall tank. In an oval or round shaped tank the middle offers more surface area than filling it to the top.
- Number of fishFor juveniles a general rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish (2.54 cm) per 1 gallon of water. But this rule only applies to young fish and is not adequate as they grow. Larger gold fish consume much more oxygen than young fish so maintaining this formula for growing fish will stunt them, and can contribute to disease and even death.
- Fish size and growthTo allow for proper growth, either buy fewer fish than the maximum number or be prepared to get a larger tank. To prevent stunted growth and other health problems, don't overstocking the aquarium.

Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish however, the Ranchu Goldfish have a lower tolerance for pollution and cannot tolerate temperatures much below 60° F (16° C).

Provide a gravel substrate to help create a natural and comfortable environment for your fish. You can add some decor, but make sure that all ornamentation is smooth with no protruding points or sharp edges. Smooth rocks or driftwood should be used sparingly if at all. Aquarium plants would be the best choice of aquarium decor for goldfish, but unfortunately these fish are diggers. Consequently live plants may be uprooted. Artificial plants make a good substitute and silk plants are safer than plastic ones.

Most aquariums come with a cover that includes lighting. A cover for the tank is desirable as it reduces evaporation and though they are not prone to jumping, on occasion some gold fish will jump out. Lighting is not essential for goldfish, but does make the aquarium a nice show piece and lighting will help if you have live plants.

Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. The salinity level for C. auratusmust be kept low, below 10% with a specific gravity of less than 1.002.

Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L) - Ten gallons is the absolute minimum required to house this fish. It has high oxygen requirements, produces a lot of waste. It will have very stunted growth if it is kept in a smaller aquarium.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes
Substrate Type: Any - A medium sized gravel works best.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C) - Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish however, the Ranchu cannot tolerate temperatures much below 60° F (16° C).
Range ph: 6.0-8.0
Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. Any salinity for must be kept low, below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Social Behaviors :

Goldfish are very social animals and thrive in a community. Not only are they a great community fish but they are great scavengers as well. It is really not necessary to add other scavengers or other bottom feeders to the aquarium when you have goldfish.

When choosing tank mates, keep in mind the physical traits of the Ranchu Goldfish. Like the Lionhead Goldfish, Telescope Goldfish and the Celestial Goldfish, the Ranchu can be visually handicapped. Further its swimming ability is cumbersome because of its rounded body and the lack of a stabilizing dorsal fin, a trait that is also seen in the Water-Bubble Eye Goldfish. While the Ranchu cannot readily compete for food with fast swimming types of goldfish, these similarly handicapped varieties can make good companions.

Venomous: No
Temperament: Peaceful
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Safe
- Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive
- Plants: Threat - Goldfish will eat many kinds of aquatic plants, and their constant search for food can end up uprooting plants that they don't eat.

Sex: Sexual differences :

Although is it impossible to sex Goldfish when they are young and not in breeding season, the male is usually smaller and more slender that the female. In the breeding season the male has white prickles, called breeding tubercles, on its gill covers and head. Seen from above the female will have a fatter appearance as she is carrying eggs.

Breeding / Reproduction:

Ranchu Goldfish are egg layers that spawn readily in the right conditions. See Breeding Freshwater Fish - Goldfishfor more information on breeding Goldfish.

Ease of Breeding: Moderate

Fish Diseases :

Goldfish are subject to the same diseases as tropical fish. A couple of the more common problems are Ich, Swim Bladder Disease, and external parasites including flukes, lice and anchor worms.

References

Animal-World References: Freshwater Fish and Plants
David Alderton, Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish , DK Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Marshall E. Ostrow, Goldfish (Barron's Complete Pet Owner's Manuals), Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2003
Geoff Rogers, Nick Fletcher, Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish, Firefly Books. 2004
David Sands, Goldfish (Caring for Your Pet), Interpet Publishing, 1999

11-Redcap Oranda Goldfish :

Red Cap Oranda Goldfish, Redcap Oranda Fancy Goldfish

Family: Cyprinidae

This pretty little goldfish, the Redcap Oranda Goldfish is totally white except for its cherry red hood!

The Redcap Oranda Goldfish is a favorite variety of the Oranda Goldfish. Orandas are very attractive and some of the most popular goldfish in the world. The Red cap variety is one of the most adored, a beautiful gold fish with a large round body and shimmering scales. It has the same long flowing split tail fin of all Oranda varieties. When the fish stops swimming this delicate adornment fans out, looking much like the pedals of a flower.

Unlike the common goldfish with a long slender body, this fancy goldfish is one of the more rounded or egg-shaped fancy gold fish. It is totally white except for a cherry red hood on its head, looking just like a cap. All of its fins are paired except the dorsal fin, and the tail fin is usually split.

Beyond their overall good looks, these fancies are favored for their hood. This is a fleshy growth on the top of the head known as the wen. The wen will start to show when the fish are about 3 - 4 months old, but it really begins to form up at about 1 - 2 years. It will become totally full in 2 - 2 1/2 years.

The Redcap Oranda Fancy Goldfish can be confused with the Lionhead Goldfish when their coloring is very similar.

The photo on the right shows the distinctive differences between a Redcap and a Lionhead. The Oranda is quickly identified by its dorsal fin, which Lionhead's do not have, and there is also the high arching on the back on the Lionhead. The Lionheads generally have a the more intense bubbly growth around the face as well.

The Redcap Oranda Goldfish are very popular, but although they are widely available they are considered delicate and not recommended as a beginner fish.

Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish, they have a lower tolerance for pollution and cannot tolerate extremely cool temperatures. The hood is subject to infection from debris, bacteria, and fungi that settles in the tiny folds.

-Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

-Size of fish - inches: 7.0 inches (17.78 cm)

-Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)

-Temperament: Peaceful

-Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

-Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)

Habitat: Distribution / Background :

The goldfish of today are descendants of a wild carp fish, known as the Prussian Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or Gibel CarpCarassius gibelio (syn: Carassius auratus gibelio) which was described by Bloch in 1782. For many years it was believed that goldfish had originated from the Crucian Carp or Golden Carp Carassius auratus auratus described by Linnaeus in 1758, but more recent research is pointing toward the former.

These wild carp originated in Asia; Central Asia (siberia). They inhabit the slow moving and stagnant waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches feeding on plants, detritus, small crustaceans, and insects. In the early 1500's these fish were exported first to Japan and then to Europe and were developed into the wonderful colors and forms of gold fish we see today.

The Oranda Goldfish is one of the older fancy goldfish with the Redcap Oranda variety being an early development. Today there are more than 125 captive bred fancy varieties.

-Scientific Name: Carassius auratus auratus

-Social Grouping: Groups

-IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - There are no wild populations of this captive bred variety.

Description

The Ranchu Goldfish is an egg-shaped variety of goldfish. The body is short and stubby with short fins. They lack a dorsal fin and will develop a fleshy 'raspberry' growth on the head. The back is broad with a highly curved contour shape. The caudal (tail) fin splays out to the sides, often being almost horizontal and may have three or four lobes.

Ranchu Goldfish will generally reach about 5 inches (13 cm), though some aquarists report them growing much larger. The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

One of their most distinctive feature is the head, which except for its eyes, mouth and nostrils, can become completely covered with fleshy growth. The amount of head growth differs for each fish. For some the broad head, except for its eyes, mouth and nostrils, can become completely covered with fleshy growth (sometimes impeding their vision) while others may develop much less growth.

These fish come in a variety of colors with the most common being bi-colored in gold/white or white/red, and a calico which in Japan is call Edonishiki. They can also be a deep red overall, shaded overall in a reddish to yellow-orange, or have red scales edged in white. They have also been known to be completely white or in some cases black.

Size of fish - inches: 5.0 inches (12.70 cm) - If kept in excellent conditions this fish can grow to be larger than five inches, however five inches is a good length for this fish to reach.
Lifespan: 15 years - The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, but they have been known to live 20 years of more when well maintained.

The goldfish of today are descendants of a wild carp fish, known as the Prussian Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or Gibel CarpCarassius gibelio (syn: Carassius auratus gibelio) which was described by Bloch in 1782. For many years it was believed that goldfish had originated from the Crucian Carp or Golden Carp Carassius auratus auratus described by Linnaeus in 1758, but more recent research is pointing toward the former.

These wild carp originated in Asia; Central Asia (Siberia). They inhabit the slow moving and stagnant waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches feeding on plants, detritus, small crustaceans, and insects. In the early 1500's these fish were exported first to Japan and then to Europe and were developed into the wonderful colors and forms of gold fish we see today.

The Ranchu Goldfish is one of the older varieties of fancy goldfish. They originated in China and then in the later part of the 1800's were further developed in Japan. They are also known as the Buffalo-head Goldfish, especially in the Orient. Other common names of some of the Ranchu Fancy Goldfish varieties are Red and White Ranchu Goldfish, Gold and White Ranchu Goldfish, and Calico Ranchu Goldfish.

The Ranchu and all other dorsal less fish resulted from developments of this egg shaped fish. The Eggfish itself is not popular in the United States. Although it can be found in the orient, it is very rare in the US and would be expensive. Today there are more than 125 captive bred fancy varieties.

Scientific Name: Carassius auratus auratus
Social Grouping: Groups
IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - There are no wild populations of this captive bred variety.

10-Ranchu Goldfish :

Buffalo-head Goldfish, Ranchu Fancy Goldfish

Family: Cyprinidae

Ranchu Goldfish, called the "King" of goldfish, are some of the most treasured and costly goldfish on the market!

The beautiful Ranchu Goldfish is popular throughout the world. They originated in China and then in the later part of the 1800's were further developed in Japan. Having a round broad body and a large bulbous head, they are also known as the Buffalo-head Goldfish, especially in the Orient.

The Ranchu Fancy Goldfish are much prized in the Orient, and are bred there for highly competitive shows. In Chinese shows they are judged from the side, while in Japanese shows they are placed in shallow bowls and judged from the top. Though they are impressive viewed from either direction, it is from above them that you can see their broad back.

Rather than having the long slender body of the Common Goldfish or the Shubunkins, the Ranchu Goldfish is one of the more rounded or egg-shaped fancy gold fish. They closely resemble the Lionhead Goldfish with a compact broad body with short fins. Like the Lionhead, they lack a dorsal fin and will develop the fleshy 'raspberry' head growth. The Ranchu can be distinguished from the Lionhead by a much higher curved contour shape to its back and by its caudal (tail) fin. Its tail fin splays out to the sides often being almost horizontal and may have three or four lobes, while the Lionhead's caudal fin is quite similar to that of the Fantail Goldfish.

These fish come in a variety of colors with the most common being bi-colored as in the Gold and White Ranchu Goldfish or the Red and White Ranchu Goldfish. Then there is a Calico Ranchu Goldfish which in Japan is call Edonishiki. They can also be a deep red overall, shaded overall in a reddish to yellow-orange, or have red scales edged in white. They have also been known to be completely white or in some cases black.

The Ranchu Goldfish is considered a rather delicate fish and is not recommended for beginners. Its swimming ability is cumbersome because of its rounded body which is further diminished by the lack of a stabilizing dorsal fin. This is a trait that is also seen in the Lionhead, Bubble Eye, and Celestial Eye Goldfish.

Many of the elongated goldfish varieties like the the Common and Comet Goldfish, or the Shubunkins, are not really good companions for the Ranchu because they are fast swimmers and too competitive during feeding time. Better tank mates would be the other similarly handicapped dorsal less goldfish, or the less hardy Telescope and Celestial Goldfish. The Ranchu won't win any races, but if kept with other slow-moving varieties it should get plenty to eat and do well.

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 5.0 inches (12.70 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)
Temperament: Peaceful
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)

Description :

The Redcap Oranda Goldfish is an egg-shaped variety of goldfish. The body has a large round shape, shimmering white scales, and a long flowing split caudal (tail) fin that fans out when it stops swimming. All of their fins are paired except the dorsal fin, and the tail fin is generally split.

The Redcap Oranda is totally white except for a cherry red hood, looking just like a cap.

They have fleshy growth or hood is known as the wen. The wen starts to show at about 3 - 4 months or age, but only really begins to form at about 1 - 2 years. The hood gets fully developed when the fish gets to be about 2-2 1/2 years old.

Redcap Orandas will generally reach about 6 - 7 inches (5-18 cm), though they have been known to grow much larger in many aquarists tanks. The largest known Oranda Goldfish is Bruce, bred in Hong Kong at the TungHoi Aquarium, where he is reported to have reached a whopping 15 inches (38 cm) in length.

The average goldfish life span is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

Size of fish - inches: 7.0 inches (17.78 cm) - Redcap Oranda Goldfish generally reach about 6 - 7 inches (5-18 cm), but have been reported to grow twice that size in exceedingly well maintained tanks or ponds.
Lifespan: 15 years - The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, but they have been known to live 20 years of more when well maintained.

Fish Keeping Difficulty :

Redcap Oranda Goldfish are some of the more delicate species of goldfish and not suggested for the beginners. Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish, they have a lower tolerance for pollution. Its hood is subject to infection from debris, bacteria, and fungi that settles in the tiny folds. They will need good care and plenty of space.

Many people will keep goldfish in an aquarium with no heater or filtration. But for the best success in keeping goldfish, provide them the same filtration, especially biological filtration, that other aquarium residents enjoy. When it comes to feeding, they will not thrive well with fast competitive tank mates.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy - The Wen is prone to infection, if the aquarist notices any rawness or irritation it is wise to treat right away.
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Foods and Feeding :

Since they are omnivorous, the Redcap Oranda Goldfish will generally eat all kinds of fresh, frozen, and flake foods. To keep a good balance give them a high quality flake food everyday. To care for your Redcap Oranda Goldfish, feed brine shrimp (either live or frozen), blood worms, Daphnia, or tubifex worms as a treat. It is usually better to feed freeze-dried foods as opposed to live foods to avoid parasites and bacterial infections that could be present in live foods. Due to their fleshy head growth they can have poor vision and a harder time seeing their food, so need extra time to feed.

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

Aquarium Care:

Regular weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 is strongly recommended to keep these fish healthy. Snails can be added as they reduce the algae in the tank, helping to keep it clean.

Water Changes: Weekly

Aquarium Setup :

Setting up a goldfish aquarium in a manner that will keep your fish happy and healthy is the first step to success. The shape and size of the aquarium is important and depends upon the number of goldfish you are going to keep. These fish need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste.

Good filtration, especially biological filtration, is very helpful in maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Filtration systems remove much of the detritus, excess foods and waste. This in turn helps to keep the tank clean and maintain the general health of the goldfish.

Tank parameters to consider when choosing a goldfish aquarium:

Tank sizeTen gallons is the absolute minimum required to house a goldfish. It's best to start with a 20 - 30 gallon tank for your first goldfish and then increase the size of the tank by 10 gallons for each additional goldfish. Providing a large amount of water per fish will help dilute the amount of waste and reduce the number of water changes needed..
Tank ShapeAlways provide the maximum amount of surface area. A large surface area of water will help minimize goldfish suffering from an oxygen shortage. Surface area is determined by the shape of the tank. For example an elongated tank offers more surface area (and oxygen) than a tall tank. In an oval or round shaped tank the middle offers more surface area than filling it to the top.
Number of fishFor juveniles a general rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish (2.54 cm) per 1 gallon of water. But this rule only applies to young fish and is not adequate as they grow. Larger gold fish consume much more oxygen than young fish so maintaining this formula for growing fish will stunt them, and can contribute to disease and even death.
Fish size and growthTo allow for proper growth, either buy fewer fish than the maximum number or be prepared to get a larger tank. To prevent stunted growth and other health problems, don't overstocking the aquarium.

Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish however, the Redcap Oranda Goldfish have a lower tolerance for pollution and cannot tolerate temperatures much below 60° F (16° C).

Provide a gravel substrate to help create a natural and comfortable environment for your fish. You can add some decor, but make sure that all ornamentation is smooth with no protruding points or sharp edges. Smooth rocks or driftwood should be used sparingly if at all. Aquarium plants would be the best choice of aquarium decor for goldfish, but unfortunately these fish are diggers. Consequently live plants may be uprooted. Artificial plants make a good substitute and silk plants are safer than plastic ones.

Most aquariums come with a cover that includes lighting. A cover for the tank is desirable as it reduces evaporation and though they are not prone to jumping, on occasion some gold fish will jump out. Lighting is not essential for goldfish, but does make the aquarium a nice show piece and lighting will help if you have live plants.

Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. The salinity level for C. auratusmust be kept low, below 10% with a specific gravity of less than 1.002.

Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L) - Ten gallons is the absolute minimum required to house this fish. It has high oxygen requirements, produces a lot of waste. It will have very stunted growth if it is kept in a smaller aquarium.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes
Substrate Type: Any - A medium sized gravel works best.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C) - Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). Unlike the flat-bodied types of goldfish however, the Redcap Oranda cannot tolerate temperatures much below 60° F (16° C).
Range ph: 6.0-8.0
Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. Any salinity for must be kept low, below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Social Behaviors :

Goldfish are very social animals and thrive in a community. Not only are they a great community fish but they are great scavengers as well. It is really not necessary to add other scavengers or other bottom feeders to the aquarium when you have goldfish.

The Redcap Oranda is not a fast swimmer. They cannot vigorously compete for food with fast swimming types of goldfish like the the Common Goldfish, Comet Goldfish, the Shubunkin, so may not fare well if housed with them, but they will do well housed with other egg-shaped varieties if the environment is well cared for.

Venomous: No
Temperament: Peaceful
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Safe
- Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive
- Plants: Threat - Goldfish will eat many kinds of aquatic plants, and their constant search for food can end up uprooting plants that they don't eat.

Sex: Sexual differences:

Although is it impossible to sex Goldfish when they are young and not in breeding season, the male is usually smaller and more slender that the female. In the breeding season the male has white prickles, called breeding tubercles, on its gill covers and head. Seen from above the female will have a fatter appearance as she is carrying eggs.

Breeding / Reproduction:

Redcap Oranda Goldfish are egg layers that spawn readily in the right conditions.

Ease of Breeding: Moderate

Fish Diseases :

Goldfish are subject to the same diseases as tropical fish. A couple of the more common problems are Ich, Swim Bladder Disease, and external parasites including flukes, lice and anchor worms.

References

Animal-World References: Freshwater Fish and Plants
David Alderton, Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish , DK Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Marshall E. Ostrow, Goldfish (Barron's Complete Pet Owner's Manuals), Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2003
Geoff Rogers, Nick Fletcher, Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish, Firefly Books. 2004
David Sands, Goldfish (Caring for Your Pet), Interpet Publishing, 1999

12-Ryukin Goldfish :

Fancy Goldfish

Family: Cyprinidae

The Ryukin Goldfish is a captivating novelty with a very round body shape and pretty colors!

The beautiful Ryukin Goldfish are considered a Japanese version of theFantail Goldfish. They were developed from the common Fantail Goldfish and like their Fantail counterpart, they are one of the more rounded or egg-shaped fancy gold fish.

The Ryukin Fancy Goldfish differs from the Fantail in that they have an extremely high back, often described as a dorsal hump. It starts in the neck region and gives them a more pointed appearance to the head, They also have a wider caudal fin than the Fantail. A distinguishing feature common to both the Fantail and the Ryukin Goldfish are their split or double caudal (tail) fin.

A long-tailed version of this fish has also been developed and is called the Fringe-tail or Ribbon-tail Ryukin. Colors they come in are red, red and white, tri-color, calico, white, and chocolate.

Both Fantail Goldfish and Ryukin Goldfish are recommended for the beginner, but like all the goldfish with this rounded body shape they can be susceptible to swim bladder problems. Other good beginner fancy goldfish are Common Goldfish, Comet Goldfish, the Shubunkin, and the Black Moor.

These beginner goldfish can tolerate temperatures a few degrees above freezing, as long as the cooling drops only a few degrees a day. Their hardiness and ability to live at colder temperatures makes them ideal for outdoor ponds. The Black Moor is the only possible exception to this, not because it lacks hardiness but because of its telescopic eyes. These eyes cause it to have poor vision so it is not a good competitor for food, and they are subject to injury and infection.

-Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

-Size of fish - inches: 6.0 inches (15.24 cm)

-Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)

-Temperament: Semi-aggressive

-Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

-Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)

Habitat: Distribution / Background :

The goldfish of today are descendants of a wild carp fish, known as the Prussian Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or Gibel CarpCarassius gibelio (syn: Carassius auratus gibelio) which was described by Bloch in 1782. For many years it was believed that goldfish had originated from the Crucian Carp or Golden Carp Carassius auratus auratus described by Linnaeus in 1758, but more recent research is pointing toward the former.

These wild carp originated in Asia; Central Asia (siberia). They inhabit the slow moving and stagnant waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches feeding on plants, detritus, small crustaceans, and insects. In the early 1500's these fish were exported first to Japan and then to Europe and were developed into the wonderful colors and forms of gold fish we see today. The Ryukin Goldfish is one of the more than 125 captive bred fancy gold fish varieties.

Scientific Name: Carassius auratus auratus
Social Grouping: Groups
IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - There are no wild populations of this captive bred variety.

Description :

The Ryukin Goldfish is an egg-shaped variety of goldfish. The body is short and stubby. They have an extremely high back, often described as a dorsal hump, that starts in the neck region giving them a more pointed appearance to the head.

The distinguishing feature common to both the Ryukin Goldfish and the Fantail Goldfish are their split or double caudal (tail) fin. A long-tailed version of the Ryukin has also been developed and is called the Fringe-tail or Ribbon-tail Ryukin. They are available in red, red and white, tri-color, calico, white, and chocolate.

Both of these goldfish will generally reach about 6 inches (15 cm), though some hobbyist report their Ryukins reaching up to a whopping 10" (25 cm). The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

Size of fish - inches: 6.0 inches (15.24 cm) - Average size is 6" (15 cm), but have been reported to reach 10" (25 cm) in an exceedingly well maintained tank or pond.
Lifespan: 15 years - The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, but they have been known to live 20 years of more when well maintained.

Fish Keeping Difficulty :

Ryukin Goldfish are some of the hardier species of goldfish.

They are very undemanding of water quality and temperature, and recommended for the beginner. They can do well in goldfish aquariums as well as ponds as long as the environment is safe and their tank mates are not competitive.

Many people will keep goldfish in an aquarium with no heater or filtration. But for the best success in keeping these goldfish, provide them the same filtration, especially biological filtration, that other aquarium residents enjoy.

Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Foods and Feeding :

Since they are omnivorous, the Ryukin Goldfish will generally eat all kinds of fresh, frozen, and flake foods.

To care for your Ryukin goldfish, keep a good balance by giving them a high quality flake food everyday. Feed brine shrimp (either live or frozen), blood worms, Daphnia, or tubifex worms as a treat. It is usually better to feed freeze-dried foods as opposed to live foods to avoid parasites and bacterial infections that could be present in live foods.

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

Aquarium Care

Regular weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 is strongly recommended to keep these fish healthy. Snails can be added as they reduce the algae in the tank, helping to keep it clean.

Water Changes: Bi-weekly

Aquarium Setup :

Setting up a goldfish aquarium in a manner that will keep your fish happy and healthy is the first step to success. The shape and size of the goldfish aquarium is important and depends upon the number of fish you are going to keep. These fish need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste.

Good filtration, especially biological filtration, is very helpful in maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Filtration systems remove much of the detritus, excess foods and waste. This in turn helps to keep the tank clean and maintain the general health of the goldfish.

Tank parameters to consider when choosing a goldfish aquarium:

Tank sizeTen gallons is the absolute minimum required to house a Ryukin Goldfish. It's best to start with a 20 - 30 gallon tank for your first goldfish and then increase the size of the tank by 10 gallons for each additional goldfish. Providing a large amount of water per fish will help dilute the amount of waste and reduce the number of water changes needed..
Tank ShapeAlways provide the maximum amount of surface area. A large surface area of water will help minimize goldfish suffering from an oxygen shortage. Surface area is determined by the shape of the tank. For example an elongated tank offers more surface area (and oxygen) than a tall tank. In an oval or round shaped tank the middle offers more surface area than filling it to the top.
Number of fishFor juveniles a general rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish (2.54 cm) per 1 gallon of water. But this rule only applies to young fish and is not adequate as they grow. Larger gold fish consume much more oxygen than young fish so maintaining this formula for growing fish will stunt them, and can contribute to disease and even death.
Fish size and growthTo allow for proper growth, either buy fewer fish than the maximum number or be prepared to get a larger tank. Prevent stunted growth and other health problems by not overstocking the aquarium.

Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). The Ryukin Goldfish are one of the hardiest varieties of goldfish and can tolerate temperatures a few degrees above freezing, as long as the cooling drops only a few degrees a day. A quick temperature drop can kill them, so if you live in a very cold climate a heater is advisable.

Provide a gravel substrate to help create a natural and comfortable environment for your fish. You can add some decor, but make sure that all ornamentation is smooth with no protruding points or sharp edges. Smooth rocks or driftwood, should be used sparingly if at all. Aquarium plants would be the best choice of aquarium decor for goldfish, but unfortunately these fish are diggers. Consequently live plants may be uprooted. Artificial plants make a good substitute and silk plants are safer than plastic ones.

Most aquariums come with a cover that includes lighting. A cover for the tank is desirable as it reduces evaporation and though they are not prone to jumping, on occasion some gold fish will jump out. Lighting is not essential for goldfish, but does make the aquarium a nice show piece and lighting will help if you have live plants.

Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. The salinity level for C. auratusmust be kept low, below 10% with a specific gravity of less than 1.002.

Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L) - Ten gallons is the absolute minimum required to house this fish. It has high oxygen requirements, produces a lot of waste. It will have very stunted growth if it is kept in a smaller aquarium.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes
Substrate Type: Any - A medium sized gravel works best.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)
Range ph: 6.0-8.0
Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - The salinity for C. auratus must be kept below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Social Behaviors :

Goldfish are very social animals and thrive in a community. Not only are they a great community fish but they are great scavengers as well. It is really not necessary to add other scavengers or other bottom feeders to the aquarium when you have goldfish.

The Ryukin Goldfish, along with the Fantails, are some of the only egg-shaped goldfish that can readily compete for food with the elongated goldfish such as the Common or Shubunkin Goldfish, so can be housed with them. LIke most fancy goldfish, they will thrive in both freshwater and tropical aquariums as long as there are no aggressive or territorial fish in the tank. Some good tank mates for fancy goldfish are the Chinese Blue Bitterling and the Northern Redbelly Dace.

Venomous: No
Temperament: Semi-aggressive - This fish tends to be more aggressive than other Fancy Goldfish.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive
- Plants: Threat - Goldfish will eat many kinds of aquatic plants, and their constant search for food can end up uprooting plants that they don't eat.

Sex: Sexual differences :

During the breeding season the male has white prickles, called breeding tubercles, on its gill covers and head. Seen from above a female will have a fatter appearance when she is carrying eggs. It is impossible to sex Goldfish when they are young and not in breeding season, but generally the male is smaller and more slender than the female.

Breeding / Reproduction:

Ryukin Goldfish are egg layers that spawn readily in the right conditions.

Ease of Breeding: Moderate

Fish Diseases :

Goldfish are subject to the same diseases as tropical fish. A couple of the more common problems are Ich, Swim Bladder Disease, and external parasites including flukes, lice and anchor worms.

References

Animal-World References: Freshwater Fish and Plants
David Alderton, Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish , DK Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Marshall E. Ostrow, Goldfish (Barron's Complete Pet Owner's Manuals), Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2003
Geoff Rogers, Nick Fletcher, Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish, Firefly Books. 2004
David Sands, Goldfish (Caring for Your Pet), Interpet Publishing, 1999

13-Shubunkin Goldfish :

Calico Goldfish, Speckled Goldfish, Harlequin Goldfish

Family: Cyprinidae

The Shubunkin Goldfish have a wild calico patterning set on a blue background... a color which is quite rare in goldfish!

The Shubunkin Goldfish are beautiful fish that are almost always speckled or have a variegated color pattern. The unique characteristic of the Shubunkin Goldfish is not their wild calico patterning, but that its pattern is set on a blue background. This is a color which is quite rare in goldfish. They are called Chuwen-chin in China. But in Japan, where they were probably developed in about 1900, they are called Shubunkin and this is the name that has stuck with them throughout the western world.

A Shubunkin Goldfish can have so many colors to its pattern it is often referred to as the Calico Goldfish. These colors include yellows, oranges, reds, browns, blacks, purples, grays, and whites; and they are set on a blue background. Other descriptive names for this fish are Speckled Goldfish, Coronation Fish, and Harlequin Goldfish. The color blue is quite rare, which makes the Shubunkin a more valuable goldfish.

There are two types of Shubunkins, the London type and the Bristol type. The London type is much more common than the Bristol type and is usually what you will find at pet stores. Both types of Shubunkin Goldfish, especially the London type, as seen above, are recommended as a beginner fish.

These fancy goldfish are one of the hardiest of the gold fish varieties. They are an easy fish to keep as they are not picky and will readily eat what is offered. They are active and strong swimmers. They are also very social and thrive well in a community. Other goldfish recommended for beginners include the Fantail Goldfish, Common Goldfish, and the Comet Goldfish.

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 18.0 inches (45.72 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L)
Temperament: Peaceful
Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)

Habitat: Distribution / Background

The goldfish of today are descendants of a wild carp fish, known as the Prussian Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or Gibel CarpCarassius gibelio (syn: Carassius auratus gibelio) which was described by Bloch in 1782. For many years it was believed that goldfish had originated from the Crucian Carp or Golden Carp Carassius auratus auratus described by Linnaeus in 1758, but more recent research is pointing toward the former.

These wild carp originated in Asia; Central Asia (siberia). They inhabit the slow moving and stagnant waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches feeding on plants, detritus, small crustaceans, and insects. In the early 1500's these fish were exported first to Japan and then to Europe and were developed into the wonderful colors and forms of gold fish we see today.

The Shubunkin Goldfish, one of the more than 125 captive bred varieties, was probably developed in Japan around 1900. Other common names they are known by include Calico Goldfish, Speckled Goldfish, Harlequin Goldfish and Coronation Fish.

Scientific Name: Carassius auratus auratus
Social Grouping: Groups
IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - There are no wild populations of this captive bred variety.

Description:

The Shubunkin Goldfish is an elongated, flat-bodied variety of goldfish. The head is wide but short and it has a smoothly tapering body shape from its back and belly to the base of its caudal fin (tail fin). The caudal fin is forked. Its fins generally stand fully erect and the edge of the dorsal fin is slightly concave. The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

There are two types of Shubunkins, the London type and the Bristol type. The London type is very similar to theCommon Goldfish with virtually the same body and fin shapes. The Common Goldfish however, has a totally different body color, being a solid bright orange and it is also larger. The Bristol type Shubunkin has an enormous tail fin that is very wide, moderately forked with well-rounded lobes.

The Shubunkin Goldfish is somewhat smaller than a common goldfish. The environment it is kept in is a determining factor on whether your pet grows to its full potential size. In an average 15 gallon tank, if well cared for and not crowded, they will grow up to about 5 inches (12.7 cm). In a bigger uncrowded tank they can grow larger generally reaching about 6 inches (15 cm), though some hobbyist report their Shubunkins reaching up to 13" (33 cm), and they could actually reach a whopping 18" (43.7 cm).

Shubunkin Goldfish can have so many colors to its pattern. These colors include yellows, oranges, reds, browns, blacks, purples, grays, and whites; and they are set on a blue background. The color blue is quite rare, which makes the Shubunkin a more valuable goldfish.

Size of fish - inches: 18.0 inches (45.72 cm) - About five inches is a more likely adult size for the Shubunkin Goldfish. But 18 inches size is possible for fish in exceedingly well maintained large tanks and ponds.
Lifespan: 15 years - The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

Fish Keeping Difficulty :

Shubunkin Goldfish are some of the hardier species of goldfish. They are very undemanding of water quality and temperature. They can do well in a goldfish aquarium, or even a pond as long as the environment is safe and their tank mates are not competitive.

Many people will keep goldfish in an aquarium with no heater or filtration, but for the best success provide them the same filtration, especially biological filtration, that other aquarium residents enjoy.

Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Foods and Feeding :

Since they are omnivorous, the Shubunkin Goldfish will generally eat all kinds of fresh, frozen, and flake foods. To care for Shubunkin goldfish, keep a good balance by giving them a high quality flake food everyday. Feed brine shrimp (either live or frozen), blood worms, Daphnia, or tubifex worms as a treat. It is usually better to feed freeze-dried foods as opposed to live foods to avoid parasites and bacterial infections that could be present in live foods.

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

Aquarium Care :

Regular weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 is strongly recommended to keep these fish healthy. Snails can be added as they reduce the algae in the tank, helping to keep it clean.

Water Changes: Bi-weekly

Aquarium Setup :

Setting up a goldfish aquarium in a manner that will keep your fish happy and healthy is the first step to success. The shape and size of the aquarium is important and depends upon the number of goldfish you are going to keep. These fish need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste.

Good filtration, especially biological filtration, is very helpful in maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Filtration systems remove much of the detritus, excess foods and waste. This in turn helps to keep the tank clean and maintain the general health of the goldfish.

Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. Any salinity for must be kept low, below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.

Tank parameters to consider when choosing a goldfish aquarium:

Tank sizeFifteen gallons is the suggested minimum required to house a Shubunkin Goldfish. It's best to start with a 20 - 30 gallon tank for your first goldfish and then increase the size of the tank by 10 gallons for each additional goldfish. Providing a large amount of water per fish will help dilute the amount of waste and reduce the number of water changes needed.
Tank ShapeAlways provide the maximum amount of surface area. A large surface area of water will help minimize goldfish suffering from an oxygen shortage. Surface area is determined by the shape of the tank. For example an elongated tank offers more surface area (and oxygen) than a tall tank. In an oval or round shaped tank the middle offers more surface area than filling it to the top.
Number of fishFor juveniles a general rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish (2.54 cm) per 1 gallon of water. But this rule only applies to young fish and is not adequate as they grow. Larger gold fish consume much more oxygen than young fish so maintaining this formula for growing fish will stunt them, and can contribute to disease and even death.
Fish size and growthTo allow for proper growth, either buy fewer fish than the maximum number or be prepared to get a larger tank. To prevent stunted growth and other health problems, don't overstocking the aquarium.

Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). The Shubunkin Goldfish are one of the most hardy varieties of goldfish and can tolerate temperatures a few degrees above freezing, as long as the cooling drops only a few degrees a day. A quick temperature drop can kill them, so if you live in a very cold climate a heater is advisable.

Provide a gravel substrate to help create a natural and comfortable environment for your fish. You can add some decor, but make sure that all ornamentation is smooth with no protruding points or sharp edges. Smooth rocks or driftwood should be used sparingly if at all. Aquarium plants would be the best choice of aquarium decor for goldfish, but unfortunately these fish are diggers. Consequently live plants may be uprooted. Artificial plants make a good substitute and silk plants are safer than plastic ones.

Most aquariums come with a cover that includes lighting. A cover for the tank is desirable as it reduces evaporation and though they are not prone to jumping, on occasion some gold fish will jump out. Lighting is not essential for goldfish, but does make the aquarium a nice show piece and lighting will help if you have live plants.

Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L) - This fish is very active and very messy. It requires a lot of room to swim in and excellent filtration to keep it healthy.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - A Nano tank is fine as long as it is 15 gallons or more, a larger tank will be needed for a community.
Substrate Type: Any - Any A medium sized gravel works best.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)
Range ph: 6.0-8.0
Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. Any salinity for must be kept low, below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Social Behaviors :

Goldfish are very social animals and thrive in a community. Not only are they a great community fish but they are great scavengers as well. It is really not necessary to add other scavengers or other bottom feeders to the aquarium when you have goldfish. LIke most fancy goldfish, they will thrive in both freshwater and tropical aquariums as long as there are no aggressive or territorial fish in the tank. Some good tank mates for fancy goldfish are the Chinese Blue Bitterling and the Northern Redbelly Dace.

Venomous: No
Temperament: Peaceful
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Safe
- Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive
- Plants: Threat - Goldfish will eat many kinds of aquatic plants, and their constant search for food can end up uprooting plants that they don't eat.

Sex: Sexual differences :

During the breeding season the male has white prickles, called breeding tubercles, on its gill covers and head. Seen from above a female will have a fatter appearance when she is carrying eggs. It is impossible to sex Goldfish when they are young and not in breeding season, but generally the male is smaller and more slender than the female.

Breeding / Reproduction :

Shubunkin Goldfish are egg layers that spawn readily in the right conditions.

Ease of Breeding: Moderate

Fish Diseases :

Goldfish are subject to the same diseases as tropical fish. A couple of the more common problems are Ich, Swim Bladder Disease, and external parasites including flukes, lice and anchor worms.

References

Animal-World References: Freshwater Fish and Plants
David Alderton, Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish , DK Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Marshall E. Ostrow, Goldfish (Barron's Complete Pet Owner's Manuals), Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2003
Geoff Rogers, Nick Fletcher, Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish, Firefly Books. 2004
David Sands, Goldfish (Caring for Your Pet), Interpet Publishing, 1999

14- Telescope Goldfish :

Demekin, Dragon Eye Goldfish, Globe Eye Goldfish

Family: Cyprinidae

The Telescope Goldfish is a bizarre looking fish, with eyes perched on stalks sticking out from its head!

The eyes are a most curious characteristic of the Telescope Goldfish. Their large eyes are set on top of long telescope or cone-like stalks mounted on the sides of its head. On some fish these stalks can extend out as far as 3/4 of an inch (19 - 20 cm), but they don't really start to protrude until these fish are about 6 months old.

It is believed the Telescope Goldfish were first developed in China in the early 1700's and were called the Dragon Eye Goldfish or Dragonfish. Later in that century they were produced in Japan and were given the name Demekin, which the Japanese still call them today.

A basic Telescope Goldfish is one of the more rounded or egg-shaped fancy gold fish. It is very similar to the Fantail Goldfish with the exception of its eyes, and being slightly smaller. The body is short and stubby, the head is very wide, and they have a split caudal fin (tail fin) that is moderate in length and slightly forked. Today they are also available with long flowing fins and a couple other tail fin styles: veil tail, broadtail, and butterfly tail.

There are many different colors in both metallic and nacreous scale types, but seldom in a matte scale type. These include solids of red, blue, chocolate, or white; tri-colored and calico; and bi-colored versions in red/white and black/white. The bi-colored black/white version is affectionately known as the Panda Telescope Goldfish and there is a unique chocolate version with orange pompoms. The well known and very popular Black Moor Goldfish is basically a black version of the Telescope Goldfish though its eyes don't protrude quite as far.

Like the Black Moor the Telescope Goldfish have the ability to live at colder temperatures, but unlike their cousin they are not considered a good beginner fish. This is not because they lack general hardiness, but rather because of their more extremely telescopic eyes. Their eyes cause them to have poor vision so they are not a good competitor for food, and their eyes are subject to injury and infection. These fish will thrive best housed with the other similarly handicapped including the Black Moor and the less hardy Bubble Eye Goldfish Lionhead Goldfish, and Celestial Goldfish.

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)
Temperament: Peaceful
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)

Habitat: Distribution / Background :

The goldfish of today are descendants of a wild carp fish, known as the Prussian Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or Gibel CarpCarassius gibelio (syn: Carassius auratus gibelio) which was described by Bloch in 1782. These wild carp originated in Asia; Central Asia (siberia). They inhabit the slow moving and stagnant waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches feeding on plants, detritus, small crustaceans, and insects. For many years it was believed that goldfish had originated from the Crucian Carp or Golden Carp Carassius auratus auratus described by Linnaeus in 1758, but more recent research is pointing toward the former.

Goldfish were originally developed in China, but by the 1500's goldfish were traded to Japan, to Europe in the 1600's, and to America by the 1800's. The majority of the fancy goldfish were being developed by Oriental breeders. The results of this centuries long endeavor is the wonderful goldfish colors and forms we see today. Today domesticated goldfish are distributed world-wide.

The Telescope Goldfish is also known as the Demekin, Dragon Eye Goldfish, and Globe Eye Goldfish. It was believed to be developed in China in the early 1700's where it was known as the Dragon Eyes or the Dragonfish. In the later part of the 1700's it was produced in Japan where it is known as the Demekin. The Black Moor is still referred to as the Dragon Eye Goldfish as well as the Black Demekin. Today there are more than 125 captive bred fancy gold fish varieties.

Scientific Name: Carassius auratus auratus
Social Grouping: Groups
IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - There are no wild populations of this captive bred variety.

Description :

The Telescope Goldfish is an egg-shaped variety of goldfish. Other than its eyes, and being slightly smaller, a basic Telescope Goldfish is very similar to the Fantail Goldfish. The body is short and stubby, the head is very wide, and they have a split caudal fin (tail fin) that is moderate in length and slightly forked.

Telescope Goldfish will generally reach up to about 5 inches (12.7 cm), though they have been known to grow much larger in many aquarists tanks. With optimal conditions they can reach a length of up to 8 inches (20.32 cm). The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

Their large eyes are set on top of long telescope or cone-like stalks mounted on the sides of its head. On some fish these stalks can extend out as far as 3/4 of an inch (19 - 20 cm), but they don't really start to protrude until these fish are about 6 months old. Today the Telescope Goldfish are also available with long flowing fins and a couple other tail fin styles: veil tail, broadtail, and butterfly.

There are many different colors in both metallic and nacreous scale types, but seldom in a matte scale type. These include solids of red, blue, chocolate, or white; tri-colored and calico; and bi-colored fish in red/white and black/white.

The bi-colored black/white version is affectionately known as the Panda Telescope Goldfish and there is a unique chocolate version with orange pompoms. The well known, and very popular Black Moor Goldfish is basically a black version of the Telescope Goldfish though its eyes don't protrude quite as far.

Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm) - Telescope Goldfish rarely exceed five inches in the home aquarium, however given optimal conditions they can grow up to eight inches in length.
Lifespan: 15 years - The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, but they have been known to live 20 years of more when well maintained.

Fish Keeping Difficulty :

The Telescope Goldfish are not considered a good beginner fish. This is not because they lack general hardiness, but rather because of their more extremely telescopic eyes. Besides causing them to have poor vision, Their eyes, besides causing them to have poor vision, are subject to injury and infection. They are very undemanding of water quality and temperature.

They can do well in a goldfish aquarium or even a pond if the environment is safe, well maintained, and has tank mates that are not competitive. When it comes to feeding, they will not thrive well with fast competitive tank mates.

Many people will keep goldfish in an aquarium with no heater or filtration, but for the best success provide them the same filtration, especially biological filtration, that other aquarium residents enjoy. Be careful when netting these fish, as their eyes are easily damaged. When it comes to feeding, they will not thrive well with fast competitive tank mates.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Foods and Feeding :

Since they are omnivorous, the Telescope Goldfish will generally eat all kinds of fresh, frozen, and flake foods. To keep a good balance give them a high quality flake food everyday. Feed brine shrimp (either live or frozen), blood worms, Daphnia, or tubifex worms as a treat. It is usually better to feed freeze-dried foods as opposed to live foods to avoid parasites and bacterial infections that could be present in live foods. Due to the protruding eyes they have poor vision and a harder time seeing their food, so need extra time to feed.

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - This fish has poor vision and is a poor swimmer and as such might easily be outcompeted for food by swifter moving tankmates.

Aquarium Care :

Regular weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 is strongly recommended to keep these fish healthy. Snails can be added as they reduce the algae in the tank, helping to keep it clean.

Water Changes: Weekly

Aquarium Setup :

Setting up a goldfish aquarium in a manner that will keep your fish happy and healthy is the first step to success. The shape and size of the goldfish aquarium is important and depends upon the number of fish you are going to keep. These fish need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste. Good filtration, especially biological filtration, is very helpful in maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Filtration systems remove much of the detritus, excess foods and waste. This in turn helps to keep the tank clean and maintain the general health of the goldfish.

Tank parameters to consider when choosing a goldfish aquarium:

Tank sizeTen gallons is the absolute minimum required to house a Telescope Goldfish. It's best to start with a 20 - 30 gallon tank for your first goldfish and then increase the size of the tank by 10 gallons for each additional goldfish. Providing a large amount of water per fish will help dilute the amount of waste and reduce the number of water changes needed.
Tank ShapeAlways provide the maximum amount of surface area. A large surface area of water will help minimize goldfish suffering from an oxygen shortage. Surface area is determined by the shape of the tank. For example an elongated tank offers more surface area (and oxygen) than a tall tank. In an oval or round shaped tank the middle offers more surface area than filling it to the top.
Number of fishFor juveniles a general rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish (2.54 cm) per 1 gallon of water. But this rule only applies to young fish and is not adequate as they grow. Larger gold fish consume much more oxygen than young fish so maintaining this formula for growing fish will stunt them, and can contribute to disease and even death.
Fish size and growthTo allow for proper growth, either buy fewer fish than the maximum number or be prepared to get a larger tank. To prevent stunted growth and other health problems, don't overstocking the aquarium.

Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). The Telescope Goldfish can tolerate temperatures a few degrees above freezing, as long as the cooling drops only a few degrees a day. A quick temperature drop can kill them, so if you live in a very cold climate a heater is advisable

Provide a gravel substrate to help create a natural and comfortable environment for your fish. You can add some decor, but keep in mind that the eyes of the Telescope Goldfish are a handicap. These fish have very poor vision so make sure that all ornamentation is smooth with no protruding points or sharp edges. Smooth rocks or driftwood, should be used sparingly if at all. Aquarium plants would be the best choice of aquarium decor for goldfish, but unfortunately these fish are diggers. Consequently live plants may be uprooted. Artificial plants make a good substitute and silk plants are safer than plastic ones.

Most aquariums come with a cover that includes lighting. A cover for the tank is desirable as it reduces evaporation and though they are not prone to jumping, on occasion some gold fish will jump out. Lighting is not essential for goldfish, but does make the aquarium a nice show piece and lighting will help if you have live plants.

Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. The salinity level for C. auratusmust be kept low, below 10% with a specific gravity of less than 1.002.

Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L) - Ten gallons is the absolute minimum required to house this fish. It has high oxygen requirements, produces a lot of waste. It will have very stunted growth if it is kept in a smaller aquarium.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - A Nano tank is fine as long as it is 10 gallons or more.
Substrate Type: Any - A medium sized gravel works best.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)
Range ph: 6.0-8.0
Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - The salinity for C. auratus must be kept below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Social Behaviors :

Goldfish are very social animals and thrive in a community. Not only are they a great community fish but they are great scavengers as well. The Telescope Goldfish, along with the Black Moor Goldfish, Bubble Eye Goldfish, and the Celestial Goldfish, are all visually handicapped. They cannot readily compete for food with other types of goldfish so may not fare well if housed with them, but they will do well housed together. Goldfish are great scavengers, so it is really not necessary to add other scavengers or other bottom feeders to the aquarium when you have goldfish.

Venomous: No
Temperament: Peaceful
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Safe
- Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive
- Plants: Threat - Goldfish will eat many kinds of aquatic plants, and their constant search for food can end up uprooting plants that they don't eat.

Sex: Sexual differences:

During the breeding season the male has white prickles, called breeding tubercles, on its gill covers and head. Seen from above a female will have a fatter appearance when she is carrying eggs. It is impossible to sex Goldfish when they are young and not in breeding season, but generally the male is smaller and more slender than the female.

Breeding / Reproduction :

Telescope Goldfish are egg layers that spawn readily in the right conditions.

Ease of Breeding: Moderate

Fish Diseases :

Goldfish are subject to the same diseases as tropical fish. A couple of the more common problems are Ich, Swim Bladder Disease, and external parasites including flukes, lice and anchor worms.

References

Animal-World References: Freshwater Fish and Plants
David Alderton, Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish , DK Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Marshall E. Ostrow, Goldfish (Barron's Complete Pet Owner's Manuals), Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2003
Geoff Rogers, Nick Fletcher, Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish, Firefly Books. 2004
David Sands, Goldfish (Caring for Your Pet), Interpet Publishing, 1999

15-Veiltail Goldfish :

Show Goldfish, Fancy Goldfish

Family: Cyprinidae

The graceful Veiltail Goldfish is one of the most beautiful goldfish, wispy long flowing fins make it look like an Angel!

The Veiltail Goldfish is one of the most gorgeous of the goldfish varieties, but it is also one of the more rare. It is delicate and rather difficult to breed and even more difficult to breed true. Rather than having the long slender body of the Common Goldfish or the Shubunkins, the Veiltail Goldfish is one of the more rounded or egg-shaped fancy gold fish. They can have any of three scale types and so can be acquired in a solid red or orange, variegated colors, or calico.

These show goldfish were developed in Philadelphia in the late 1800's, derived from the Japanese Wakin, an elongated double-tailed goldfish. These became known as the Philadelphia Veiltail Goldfish in the early 1900's. Another name they are called by in Asia is the Feather-dressed Long Finned Man-yu.

Veiltail Goldfish are similar to the Fantail Goldfish but have a rounder body and extremely long delicate looking fins. Their double caudal (tail) fin and anal fins are well separated. Like the Fantail their dorsal fin is held erect, but on the Veiltail Goldfish it is quite long and can grow to over 2 1/4 inches (6 cm) long.

To have a Veiltail Goldfish is to have an aquarium graced with one of the most beautiful and impressive fish, but it is important to understand what this fish needs to keep it well. This goldfish has the ability to live at colder temperatures, but it is a rather delicate fish and is not recommended for beginners.

With their much rounder shape they have an extremely distorted swim bladder. Its swimming ability is cumbersome because of its rounded body, and its distorted swim bladder is subject to chill. The long delicate fins are also subject to injury and subsequent fungal and bacterial infections. These two characteristics lend to their being a rather delicate goldfish.

Many of the elongated goldfish varieties like the the Common Goldfish, Comet Goldfish, the Shubunkin, are not really good companions for the Veiltail because they are fast swimmers and too competitive during feeding time. Better tank mates would be the less hardy Celestial Eye Goldfish, Water-Bubble Eye Goldfish, Telescope Goldfish, and Lionhead Goldfish. It won't win any races, but if kept with other slow-moving varieties the Veiltail Goldfish should get plenty to eat and do well.

-Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

-Size of fish - inches: 7.0 inches (17.78 cm)

-Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)

-Temperament: Peaceful

-Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult

-Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C)

Habitat: Distribution / Background:

The goldfish of today are descendants of a wild carp fish, known as the Prussian Carp, Silver Prussian carp, or Gibel CarpCarassius gibelio (syn: Carassius auratus gibelio) which was described by Bloch in 1782. For many years it was believed that goldfish had originated from the Crucian Carp or Golden Carp Carassius auratus auratus described by Linnaeus in 1758, but more recent research is pointing toward the former. These wild carp originated in Asia; Central Asia (siberia). They inhabit the slow moving and stagnant waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches feeding on plants, detritus, small crustaceans, and insects.

In the early 1500's these fish were exported first to Japan and then to Europe and were developed into the wonderful colors and forms of gold fish we see today. The Veiltail Goldfish was developed in Philadelphia in the late 1800's, derived from the Japanese Wakin, an elongated double-tailed goldfish. It is one of the more than 125 captive bred fancy gold fish varieties.

-Scientific Name: Carassius auratus auratus

-Social Grouping: Groups

-IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - There are no wild populations of this captive bred variety.

Description :

The Veiltail Goldfish is an egg-shaped variety of goldfish. This goldfish variety will generally reach about 6 - 7 inches (15 - 18 cm), though about 3 - 4 inches (7.5 - 10 cm) of that length is the tail. The average goldfish life span is 10 – 15 years, though living 20 years or more is not uncommon in well maintained goldfish aquariums and ponds.

The body is short and stubby, and the head is wide. Though it is similar to the Fantail Goldfish, its body is rounder making for an extremely distorted swim bladder. The Veiltail Goldfish can have any of three scale types: metallic, a solid reddish orange, nacreous which is speckled, and matt which is a whitish color. So these goldfish can be acquired in a solid red or orange, variegated colors, or calico.

The main features of this fish are its long delicate looking fins. Their double caudal (tail) fin and anal fins are well separated. Like the Fantail their dorsal fin is held erect, but on the Veiltail Goldfish it is quite long and can grow to over 2 1/4 inches. They can have any of three scale types

On good show goldfish the tail fin is completely split with the two lobes being much closer together on top than on the bottom, making it look triangular when viewed from the back. Good show specimens will have a double anal fin with complete separation as well. The tail fin on poor show specimens is not completely split along the top.

Size of fish - inches: 7.0 inches (17.78 cm) - On average it will be about 6 - 7 inches (15 - 18 cm) in length, but 3 - 4 inches (7.5 - 10 cm) of that is the tail.
Lifespan: 15 years - The average goldfish lifespan is 10 – 15 years, but they have been known to live 20 years of more when well maintained.

Fish Keeping Difficulty:

The Veiltail Goldfish are not considered a good beginner fish. Though they have the ability to live at colder temperatures, their distorted swim bladder is subject to chill. The delicate fins are also subject to injury and subsequent fungal and bacterial infections.

Many people will keep goldfish in an aquarium with no heater or filtration, but for the best success provide them the same filtration, especially biological filtration, that other aquarium residents enjoy. When it comes to feeding, they will not thrive well with fast competitive tank mates.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult - This fish is susceptible to infection of its delicate fins, is a poor swimmer, and is generally not very hardy.
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Foods and Feeding :

Since they are omnivorous, the Veiltail Goldfish will generally eat all kinds of fresh, frozen, and flake foods. To keep a good balance give them a high quality flake food everyday. To care for your Veiltail Goldfish, feed brine shrimp (either live or frozen), blood worms, Daphnia, or tubifex worms as a treat. It is usually better to feed freeze-dried foods as opposed to live foods to avoid parasites and bacterial infections that could be present in live foods.

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

Aquarium Care :

Regular weekly water changes of 1/4 to 1/3 is strongly recommended to keep these fish healthy. Snails can be added as they reduce the algae in the tank, helping to keep it clean.

Water Changes: Weekly

Aquarium Setup

Setting up a goldfish aquarium in a manner that will keep your fish happy and healthy is the first step to success. The shape and size of the goldfish aquarium is important and depends upon the number of fish you are going to keep. These fish need a lot of oxygen and produce a lot of waste.

Good filtration, especially biological filtration, is very helpful in maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Filtration systems remove much of the detritus, excess foods and waste. This in turn helps to keep the tank clean and maintain the general health of the goldfish.

Tank parameters to consider when choosing a goldfish aquarium:

Tank sizeTen gallons is the absolute minimum required to house a Veiltail Goldfish. It's best to start with a 20 - 30 gallon tank for your first goldfish and then increase the size of the tank by 10 gallons for each additional goldfish. Providing a large amount of water per fish will help dilute the amount of waste and reduce the number of water changes needed..
Tank ShapeAlways provide the maximum amount of surface area. A large surface area of water will help minimize goldfish suffering from an oxygen shortage. Surface area is determined by the shape of the tank. For example an elongated tank offers more surface area (and oxygen) than a tall tank. In an oval or round shaped tank the middle offers more surface area than filling it to the top.
Number of fishFor juveniles a general rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish (2.54 cm) per 1 gallon of water. But this rule only applies to young fish and is not adequate as they grow. Larger gold fish consume much more oxygen than young fish so maintaining this formula for growing fish will stunt them, and can contribute to disease and even death.
Fish size and growthTo allow for proper growth, either buy fewer fish than the maximum number or be prepared to get a larger tank. Prevent stunted growth and other health problems by not overstocking the aquarium.

Goldfish are a cold water fish and will do best at temperatures between 65 - 72° F (18°- 22° C). The Veiltail Goldfish can tolerate temperatures a few degrees above freezing, as long as the cooling drops only a few degrees a day. Keep in mind that their swim bladder is sensitive to being chilled and a quick temperature drop can kill them, so if you live in a very cold climate a heater is advisable.

Provide a gravel substrate to help create a natural and comfortable environment for your fish. You can add some decor, but make sure that all ornamentation is smooth with no protruding points or sharp edges. Smooth rocks or driftwood, should be used sparingly if at all. Aquarium plants would be the best choice of aquarium decor for goldfish, but unfortunately these fish are diggers. Consequently live plants may be uprooted. Artificial plants make a good substitute and silk plants are safer than plastic ones.

Most aquariums come with a cover that includes lighting. A cover for the tank is desirable as it reduces evaporation and though they are not prone to jumping, on occasion some gold fish will jump out. Lighting is not essential for goldfish, but does make the aquarium a nice show piece and lighting will help if you have live plants.

Goldfish are freshwater fish, but they have some tolerance for slightly brackish water. The salinity level for C. auratusmust be kept low, below 10% with a specific gravity of less than 1.002.

Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L) - Ten gallons is the absolute minimum required to house this fish. It has high oxygen requirements, produces a lot of waste. It will have very stunted growth if it is kept in a smaller aquarium.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes
Substrate Type: Any - A medium sized gravel works best.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 65.0 to 72.0° F (18.3 to 22.2° C) - Goldfish can tolerate colder temperatures, but this is the optimum range for activity and longevity in Goldfish.
Range ph: 6.0-8.0
Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - The salinity for C. auratus must be kept below 10%, a specific gravity of less than 1.002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Social Behaviors :

Goldfish are very social animals and thrive in a community. Not only are they a great community fish but they are great scavengers as well. The Veiltail Goldfish, along with many other egg-shaped goldfish like the the Bubble Eye Goldfish, Telescope Goldfish, Celestial Goldfish, and Lionhead Goldfish are all slow swimmers. They cannot readily compete for food with other types of goldfish so should may not fare well if housed with them, but they will do well housed together.

Most fancy goldfish will thrive in both freshwater and tropical aquariums as long as there are no aggressive or territorial fish in the tank. Some good tank mates for fancy goldfish are the Chinese Blue Bitterling and the Northern Redbelly Dace. It is really not necessary to add other scavengers or other bottom feeders to the aquarium when you have goldfish.

Venomous: No
Temperament: Peaceful
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Safe
- Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive
- Plants: Threat - Goldfish will eat many kinds of aquatic plants, and their constant search for food can end up uprooting plants that they don't eat.

Sex: Sexual differences :

Although is it impossible to sex Goldfish when they are young and not in breeding season, the male is usually smaller and more slender that the female. In the breeding season the male has white prickles, called breeding tubercles, on its gill covers and head. Seen from above the female will have a fatter appearance as she is carrying eggs.

Breeding / Reproduction :

Veiltail Goldfish are egg layers that spawn in the right conditions. However they are difficult to breed, and especially difficult to breed true to type. They need to be kept in cold water during the winter, and then gradually increase the temperature in about March to 50° F (10° C) to bring them into breeding condition. At this point clean their environment and give them good quality goldfish flake food along with frozen brine shrimp and bloodworms. Some breeders suggest you treat them for parasites. Then further increase the temperature gradually to 65° F (18° C). For best fertilization, have a ratio of one female to two males. See Breeding Freshwater Fish - Goldfish for more information on breeding Goldfish.

Ease of Breeding: Easy

Fish Diseases :

Goldfish are subject to the same diseases as tropical fish. A couple of the more common problems are Ich, Swim Bladder Disease, and external parasites including flukes, lice and anchor worms.

References

Animal-World References: Freshwater Fish and Plants
David Alderton, Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish , DK Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Marshall E. Ostrow, Goldfish (Barron's Complete Pet Owner's Manuals), Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 2003
Geoff Rogers, Nick Fletcher, Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish, Firefly Books. 2004
David Sands, Goldfish (Caring for Your Pet), Interpet Publishing, 1999

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