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Description of Cichlids:

 

Cichlids are found in Africa, Central and South America, and a few species from parts of Asia. Central and South America comprises a huge geographic area with greatly diverse habitats ranging from savannas to rain forests. Other types of cichlids are from the great rift lakes of Africa, as well as other lakes, rivers and streams. Consequently cichlids are found in a wide variety of conditions.

 

They are categorized as "secondary freshwater fish" - meaning their ancestors were marine fish. It is believed that cichlids moved to freshwaters from the marine environment, and they have features relating to a number of marine species including the wrasses, parrotfish, damsels, and surfperches.

 

The actual number of cichlid species is unknown but are generally estimated somewhere between 2000 to 5000, with at least 1300 species scientifically described. African Cichlids are conservatively estimated at about 1300 species, while South American Cichlids and Central American Cichlids are estimated at about 570 species.

 

The cichlid family is so vast that there many good aquarium inhabitants, but there are also many species that are not really suitable for the home aquarium due to size. For example, the Boulengerochromis microlepis from Africa, which reaches up to 36" (90 cm) is really too large for most hobbyists.Some large South American cichlids that are occasionally available in the hobby are the Peacock Bass Cichla ocellaris, which grows to a length of 30" (75 cm), and the Wolf Cichlid Parachromis dovii, which can reach a length of 24" (60 cm). Both of these will require at least 250 gallons (946 L) with larger being better.

 

These and other large cichlids are popular food fish for the native people where they are found. Many of the smaller sized cichlids species, vast in number, from the great African Lakes are also considered a tasty snack to those native peoples.

 

African Cichlids : 

 

Perhaps the most popular cichlids are the African rift lake cichlids, which are some of the most colorful of all freshwater fishes. Besides the many colorful cichlids from the African lakes, there are others highly prized for patterning and other unique characteristics. These includeas seen in the popular Tropheus genus, featherfins, goby cichlids, sarding cichlids, and shelldwellers to name a few.

 

Like their South American counterparts, there are also some African Cichlids that reach an impressive size, making great specimens for a large show tank. Yet here too there are a few species are not really suitable for the home aquarium due to size. The Boulengerochromis microlepis, which reaches up to 36" (90 cm), is a good example of too big.

 

For more in-depth info see: African Cichlid Facts: Information and Cichlid Care for African Cichlids

 

Most African Cichlids available in the hobby have a mix of fascinating characteristics and are a delight to keep.

 

- Lake Malawi Cichlids:

 

The Malawi Cichlids are some of the most brilliantly colored fishes. It is estimated there are over 800 species of Malawi cichlids but with only about 300 currently described by ichthyologists. They fall into two ecological groups, the Mbuna group and the Haplochromis group. Do not mix the two groups in the aquarium, as they are mostly incompatible. Only combining the Utaka from the Haplochromis group with Mbuna is possible if there is plenty of space.:

     A- Mbuna group

            The Mbuna group is endemic to Lake Malawi. They inhabit the rocky areas of the lake.

            * Zebra Cichlids - Mbuna Cichlids - This group contains 12 genera of rock dwelling Mbuna                      Cichlids, including the well-known Zebra Cichlids. This is a popular group of very active                        and aggressive personalities, often colored in blues with black bars, and yellows.

 

     B-Haplochromis group

             The Haplochromis group is another popular African cichlid group that inhabit the more                       sandy areas and open waters.

 

              *Peacock Cichlids - Peacock Cichlids are some of the most intensely colored of all the                             cichlid varieties. These are generally somewhat larger and more peaceful than the Zebra                          (mbuna) cichlids.

              * Other Malawi Cichlids - These include Utaka Cichlids which tend to live in open waters.

 

- Lake Tanganyika Cichlids :

 

                 Lake Tanganyika, the second deepest lake in the world, is inhabited with almost 250                             different species of cichlids and over 150 species of other fish. It is renown for having two                       record-breaking inhabitants, the world's largest cichlid at 31” (80 cm) and the world's                               smallest cichlid at 1.4” (3.5 cm).

 

              A- Lake Tanganyika Cichlids:

                  Many Tanganyika cichlids are unique in both body shape and in habitat. These include                     such varieties as the featherfins, gobies, julies, sardines, and shelldwellers.

                  * Goby Cichlids - The Goby Cichlids live close to the shore in shallow waters. Like                                 others in this group, these fish are generally more peaceful and a bit larger than the                               Zebra Cichlids

                  

                B- Tropheus Cichlids : 

                      These are popular Tanganyika cichlids that inhabit the more sandy areas and open                          waters. They are generally somewhat larger and more peaceful than the Zebra (mbuna)                          cichlids.The popular Tropheus species areendemic to Lake Tanganyika. They are                                    widely distributed along the coastal fringes of the lake and have many geographic                                     variations. Many have not yet been described.

 

- Lake Victoria Cichlids - West Africa Dwarf Cichlids, West Africa Cichlids : 

 

                There are many wonderful African cichlids that you may run across besides the highly                    popular species found in Lake Malawi or Lake Tanganyika. African cichlids also include a                      number of fish from West Africa, outlying islands including Madagascar, and cichlids                              from Lake Victoria.

 

              A- Lake Victoria Cichlids :

               There are several hundred vibrantly beautiful species of cichlids found in Lake Victoria                      alone. Other types of East African Cichlids include Victoria Cichlids found in lakes                                   surrounding Lake Victoria. Others are native to African rivers and streams, and live in a                           wide variety of habitats.

 

               B- Dwarf Cichlids - West African Cichlids 

                Many West African cichlids are native to African rivers and streams, living a wide variety                  of habitats. These include the interesting and beautiful African Dwarf Cichlids such as                            the popular Kribensis.

                

South American Cichlids - Large Cichlids  : 

 

1-Black Belt Cichlid

Vieja maculicauda

 

  • quarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.0 inches (30.48 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 70 gal (265 L)

  • Temperament: Large Semi-Aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 78.0 to 84.0° F (25.6 to 28.9° C)

  • Scientific Name: Vieja maculicauda

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.0 inches (30.48 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate - Beginners can likely handle this fish fine as long as the owner is willing to maintain a large aquarium and diligently perform water changes.

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Occasionally

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Daily - It is important to feed a high variety of food.

  • Water Changes: Weekly - These are messy fish and need frequent water changes.

  • Minimum Tank Size: 70 gal (265 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 78.0 to 84.0° F (25.6 to 28.9° C)

  • Range ph: 6.0-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 17 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes - Brackish water should have low to moderate salinity under 1.010 sg.

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Temperament: Large Semi-Aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy

 

 

 

2-Blue Acara

Aequidens pulcher

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (20.07 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 85.0° F (22.2 to 29.4° C)

  • Scientific Name: Aequidens pulcher

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (20.07 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Half of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Half of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Half of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting - Exposing the fish to a limited amount of natural sunlight in addition to their normal lighting can help bring out and enhance their color presentations!

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 85.0° F (22.2 to 29.4° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 76.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 3 - 20 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes - Can tolerate low salinity of about 10% of a normal saltwater aquarium's salinity, but not a full brackish set up.

  • Water Movement: Strong

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe - Known to uproot plants, especially when in breeding/spawning mode.

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

3-Convict Cichlid

Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

 

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 6.0 inches (15.24 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 82.0° F (23.3 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 6.0 inches (15.24 cm) - Male Convict Cichlids grow to a length of 5 - 6" (13 -15 cm), with females reaching 3 - 4" (8 -10 cm).

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly - 15-20%

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L) - 20 gallons is fine for a pair of smaller fish, but fully grown fish should be kept in tanks of at least 50 gallons or more.

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 82.0° F (23.3 to 27.8° C)

  • Range ph: 6.0-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 6 - 8 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes - Tolerate low salinity of 10% of a normal saltwater tank, a specific gravity of 1.0002

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Aggressive - Very aggressive when breeding.

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: No - They can tolerate members of their own species as long as they are in a large enough aquarium and not spawning.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Monitor - These fish are known to attack fish 3 times their size.

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Monitor - As long as plants are anchored firmly they are fine.

    • Ease of Breeding: Easy

 

 

 

 

4-Electric Blue Jack Dempsey

Cichlasoma octofasciatum

 

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 86.0° F (22.2 to 30.0° C)

  • Scientific Name: Cichlasoma octofasciatum

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

 

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 86.0° F (22.2 to 30.0° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 86.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 12 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy


 

 


 

 

 

 

Dwarf Cichlids - South American Cichlids - West African Cichlids : 

 

 

1-Agassizi Cichlid

Apistogramma agassizii

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.5 inches (8.89 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 73.0 to 81.0° F (22.8 to 27.2° C)

  • Scientific Name: Apistogramma agassizii

  • Social Grouping: Harems

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.5 inches (8.89 cm) - The male grows to a length of about 3.5 " (8.9 cm) or slightly larger, females are smaller reaching about 2.5" (6 cm).

  • Lifespan: 5 years - These fish commonly live up to 5 years in captivity, though they have been known to live as long as 12 years.

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - To avoid negatively impacting the water quality, feed smaller amounts of food multiple times a day instead of one large feeding.

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly - 10% to 20% either weekly or bi-weekly, depending on tank size and stock amount.

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting

  • Temperature: 73.0 to 81.0° F (22.8 to 27.2° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - Temperature range of 79° to 84° F (26° - 29° C).

  • Range ph: 5.0-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 2 - 10 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe - These Dwarf Cichlids can mix well with a variety of community fish.

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Safe

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

2-Black-Stripe Dwarf Cichlid

Taeniacara candidi

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Advanced

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.62 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Difficult

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 83.0° F (23.3 to 28.3° C)

  • Scientific Name: Taeniacara candidi

  • Social Grouping: Harems

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.62 cm)

  • Lifespan: 5 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Difficult

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Advanced

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Occasionally - Can be trained but difficult.

  • Tablet Pellet: Occasionally

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Unknown

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly - Weekly or bi-weekly depending on stocking numbers.

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - 30 gallons for a pair and at least 55 gallons for a community.

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 83.0° F (23.3 to 28.3° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 82.0° F - 82 or greater is best for breeding.

  • Range ph: 5.5-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 0 - 15 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Males are aggressive with other males. A male can be kept with multiple females.

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Difficult

 

 

3-Bolivian Ram

Mikrogeophagus altispinosus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.5 inches (8.89 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 78.0° F (23.3 to 25.6° C)

  • Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus altispinosus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.5 inches (8.89 cm)

  • Lifespan: 4 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix - Mostly sand with granite pebbles mixed in and strewn across the top of the sand.

  • Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 78.0° F (23.3 to 25.6° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 82.0° F - preferred to be 72-82.4.

  • Range ph: 6.0-7.4

  • Hardness Range: 6 - 14 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Weak

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Males will fight among themselves unless kept in a large enough aquarium.

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy

 

 

4-Cockatoo Cichlid

Apistogramma cacatuoides

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 4.0 inches (10.16 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 81.0° F (23.9 to 27.2° C)

  • Scientific Name: Apistogramma cacatuoides

  • Social Grouping: Harems

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 4.0 inches (10.16 cm)

  • Lifespan: 5 years

     

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

     

  • Diet Type: Carnivore - Captive specimens may display omnivorous tendencies, but are mostly carnivorous.

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly - 10-20%

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 81.0° F (23.9 to 27.2° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 78° to 84° F (26° to 29° C)

  • Range ph: 6.0-7.8

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 19 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Weak

  • Water Region: Middle

     

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Males will fight each other unless kept in a large enough aquarium.

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

  • Plants: Safe

     

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy

African Cichlids - Tanganyika Goby Cichlids  : 

 

The South American Cichlids are also known as New World cichlids and include Central American Cichlids and American Dwarf Cichlids. They are found primarily in Central and South America, with the Texas Cichlid found in the southern part of North America.

 

This is a vast geographic area with greatly diverse habitats ranging from savannas to rain forests, consequently cichlids are found in a wide variety of conditions. The Amazon River contains a huge number of fish, one fifth of all freshwater fish species. Its waters are acidic and extremely soft, and much of it has detritus covered sandy type substrate.

 

For more in-depth info see: South American Cichlids Facts: Information and Cichlid Care for New World Cichlids

 

South American Cichlids and Central American Cichlids are attractive, personable, and are generally quite durable fish. They come in a range of sizes and with some very beautiful colorations, making them favorite aquarium fish for many hobbyists. Many also reach an impressive size and are great for a large show tank.

 

There are distinctive types of South American cichlids, including:

 

-Large Cichlids - Large South American Cichlids

         The Large American Cichlids, with their personalities, temperaments, and size, are great specimens for an awesome show tank. Because these fish get large, a 75 gallon aquarium is the standard suggested size for these fish.

 

- Dwarf Cichlids - South American Dwarf Cichlids 

           The American Dwarf Cichlids are also called the New World Dwarf Cichlids. These fish consist of small cichlids that only reach up to about 4 inches (10 cm) or so. They have attractive color patterns, and many species can be obtained in a variety of color morphs. Many will be content in an aquarium as small as 20 gallons. Dwarf Cichlids tend to be shy and somewhat delicate, so they are recommended for a bit more seasoned aquarist rather than a beginning cichlid keeper.

 

- Unique Cichlid Types - Unique South American Cichlids

            The Angelfish and Discus have some of the most unique body shapes, and some of the most beautiful and varied color patterns. These cichlids end to be more amiable than others cichlids and each variety will make a great show specimen. Some of the most unique in appearance are hybrids such as the Blood Parrot and the Flower Horn Cichlid. .

 

  • Angelfish

  • Discus

  • Blood Parrot Cichlid

  • Flowerhorn Cichlid

5-Panda Dwarf Cichlid

Apistogramma nijsseni

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Advanced

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.62 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Difficult

  • Temperature: 73.0 to 86.0° F (22.8 to 30.0° C)

  • Scientific Name: Apistogramma nijsseni

  • Social Grouping: Harems

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.62 cm)

  • Lifespan: 5 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Difficult

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Advanced

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: Occasionally - Can be trained to eat flakes when young.

  • Tablet Pellet: Occasionally

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet - If trained to eat flake.

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting

  • Temperature: 73.0 to 86.0° F (22.8 to 30.0° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 79° to 84° F (26° - 29° C)

  • Range ph: 5.0-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 2 - 10 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Weak

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Should be one male to a group of females.

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

6-Rainbow Cichlid

Herotilapia multispinosa

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.62 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)

  • Scientific Name: Herotilapia multispinosa

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.62 cm) - They are known to grow to about 6.5 inches in the wild, but only reach about 3 inches in captivity.

  • Lifespan: 9 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 82.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 20 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Weak

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

7-Ram Cichlid

Mikrogeophagus ramirezi

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 2.8 inches (7.01 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 78.0 to 85.0° F (25.6 to 29.4° C)

  • Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 2.8 inches (7.01 cm)

  • Lifespan: 4 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 10 gal (38 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting - Add some floating plants, especially if you want your fish to breed, in order to diffuse the lighting.

  • Temperature: 78.0 to 85.0° F (25.6 to 29.4° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 77 - 82.4° F (25 - 28° C

  • Range ph: 6.0-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 6 - 14 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

South American Cichlids - Angelfish-Discus-Hybrids : 

 

 

1- Altum Angelfish

Pterophyllum altum

 

​Angelfish Guide 

 

 

 

 

2-Angelfish - Common

Pterophyllum scalare

 

 

​Angelfish Guide 

 

 

3-Blood Parrot

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 82.0° F (21.1 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name:

  • Social Grouping: Groups - Not found in the wild.

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - This fish is not found in the wild.

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes - Sinking pellets work best.

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet - Make sure to quarantine feeders prior introducing them to the main tank as food.

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - 30 for juveniles and a minimum of 55 for adults.

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 82.0° F (21.1 to 27.8° C)

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 2 - 25 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Weak

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Temperament: Peaceful - Most are peaceful but some show aggressive mood swings.

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Safe - not aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Difficult - They can only produce viable offspring with a partner of another type of cichlid; two Blood Parrots cannot reproduce.

 

4-Discus Fish

Symphysodon aequifasciata

 

 

 

Discus Guide 

 

 

 

 

5- Flowerhorn Cichlid : 

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 16.0 inches (40.64 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 80.0 to 89.0° F (26.7 to 31.7° C)

  • Scientific Name:

  • Social Grouping: Solitary

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed - Captive bred hybrid. Not found in the wild.

  • Size of fish - inches: 16.0 inches (40.64 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner - These fish are only recommended for beginners who are well versed in their behaviors, setup requirements, and probable expense.

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: Occasionally

  • Tablet Pellet: Occasionally

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 80.0 to 89.0° F (26.7 to 31.7° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 82.0° F - with a pH of 7.0

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.8

  • Hardness Range: 9 - 20 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: No

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat - Only in a very large tank.

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

 

  • Ease of Breeding: Difficult - Due to their propensity to attack one another, these fish can be quite challenging to breed safely.

 

 

 

 

6-Heckel Discus

Symphysodon discus

 

 

 

 

 

Discus Guide 

 

 

5-Firemouth Cichlid

Thorichthys meeki

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 6.7 inches (16.99 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 75.0° F (21.1 to 23.9° C)

  • Scientific Name: Thorichthys meeki

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 6.7 inches (16.99 cm) - These fish can get up to 6.69 inches (17 cm) in length, though are usually smaller in the aquarium with males reaching about 5 inches (12.7 cm) and females getting up to about 4 inches (10.15 cm).

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet - Live foods will incourage spawning.

  • Vegetable Food: Most of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 75.0° F (21.1 to 23.9° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 75 - 78.8° F (24 - 26° C)

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 15 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes - Can tolerate up a salinity of about 10% of a normal saltwater tank or with a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All - Prefers middle to bottom.

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy

 

 

 

 

6-Flag Cichlid

Mesonauta festivus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (19.99 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 82.0° F (22.2 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Mesonauta festivus

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (19.99 cm) - The Festivum Cichlid grows to a length of about 5.91" (15 cm) in the wild, though can reach up to about 7.87" (20 cm) in captivity.

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 82.0° F (22.2 to 27.8° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 77 - 82.4° F (25 - 28° C

  • Range ph: 5.5-7.2

  • Hardness Range: 2 - 18 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive - They are aggressive towards some smaller fish and will defend their fry.

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor - Normally very peaceful to like sized tankmates.

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

7-Golden Severum

Heros severus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (19.99 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 45 gal (170 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 84.0° F (23.3 to 28.9° C)

  • Scientific Name: Heros severus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: - This fish does not appear in the wild.

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (19.99 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 45 gal (170 L) - 45 gallons for a single fish and 100 gallons for a pair.

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 84.0° F (23.3 to 28.9° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 78.8 - 80.6° F (26 - 27° C)

  • Range ph: 6.0-6.5

  • Hardness Range: 4 - 6 dGH

  • Brackish: Yes - Slightly brackish water is acceptable.

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept in pairs and with others of the same species if kept in a large aquarium.

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor - They will eat anything small enough to fit in their mouth.

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8-Green Terror

Aequidens rivulatus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.2 inches (30.99 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 80.0° F (21.1 to 26.7° C)

  • Scientific Name: Aequidens rivulatus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs - The females will sometimes become extremely aggressive towards their mate, particularly during spawning, so keep a constant eye on their behaviors.

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.2 inches (30.99 cm) - In the wild the maximum size for these fish is about 12.2 inches (31 cm). Males will reach up to about 10 - 12" (25 - 31 cm) and females will reach 7 - 9" (18 - 23 cm). In the aquarium the typical size is smaller at about 6–8 inches (15 - 20 cm).

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly - 15 - 20%, weekly if tank is well stocked.

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - 40 for a single fish and 70 for a pair.

  • Substrate Type: Large Gravel

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 80.0° F (21.1 to 26.7° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 77 - 79° F (25 - 26° C)

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 13 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Venomous: No

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Good if kept in pairs.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Monitor - Will uproot plants that are not secure.

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9-Jack Dempsey Fish

Cichlasoma octofasciatum

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 10.0 inches (25.40 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 86.0° F (22.2 to 30.0° C)

  • Scientific Name: Cichlasoma octofasciatum

  • Social Grouping: Solitary - Keep them either individually, in a large group of the same species in a very large tank, or as a pair in their own tank.

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 10.0 inches (25.40 cm)

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 86.0° F (22.2 to 30.0° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 86.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 12 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Monitor

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate - The additional aggression of paired Jack Dempseys means they will need their own tank for breeding purposes.

 

 

 

10-Jaguar Cichlid

Parachromis managuensis

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Advanced

  • Size of fish - inches: 24.0 inches (60.96 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Parachromis managuensis

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 24.0 inches (60.96 cm) - The Jaguar Cichlid grows to a length of just over 21" to 24" (55-63 cm) and 3 1/2 pounds in the wild. In the aquarium, males get to about 16" (40 cm) and females to about 14" (36 cm).

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Advanced

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: Occasionally - When young they can be trained to eat flake.

  • Tablet Pellet: Occasionally

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Unknown

  • Meaty Food: All of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Daily - Some experts suggest fasting your fish for one day once a week.

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L)

  • Substrate Type: Small Gravel

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 82.0° F

  • Range ph: 7.0-8.7

  • Hardness Range: 10 - 15 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Needs a large tank to establish territories and females need places to retreat too.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

11-Midas Cichlid

Amphilophus citrinellus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 14.0 inches (35.56 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 82.0° F (22.2 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Amphilophus citrinellus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

 

  • Size of fish - inches: 14.0 inches (35.56 cm) - The Midas Cichlid grows to a length of 10 - 14" (25 - 35 cm).

  • Lifespan: 12 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate - If you are a beginning aquarist, be certain you are well informed of this fishes' setup and maintenance requirements before owning this fish!

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - 55 Gallons for a single fish and 125 Gallons for a pair.

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 82.0° F (22.2 to 27.8° C)

  • Range ph: 6.6-7.3

  • Hardness Range: 10 - 20 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Only in a very large tank.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate - Keep an eye on the female during the spawning ritual and provide a divider if necessary or you risk significant injury to her by the male!

 

 

 

 

12-Nicaragua Cichlid

Hypsophrys nicaraguensis

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 80.0° F (23.3 to 26.7° C)

  • Scientific Name: Hypsophrys nicaraguensis

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 74.0 to 80.0° F (23.3 to 26.7° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 79.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 15 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Monitor - This fish tends to bite at and eat leafy plants during spawning, but be sure to keep an eye on your plants at all times to see if your fish has developed a taste for them!

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13-Oscar

Astronotus ocellatus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 14.0 inches (35.56 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 100 gal (379 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)

  • Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs - Though they begin life tolerating group living, they tend to become more solitary as they age and should be kept individually or in pairs.

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 14.0 inches (35.56 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes - More common when young.

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly - May need more frequent depending on stock and feeding habits.

  • Minimum Tank Size: 100 gal (379 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 78.8 - 86° F (26 - 30° C)

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.2

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Weak - Provide at least one air stone to supplement the oxygenation of the water as though Oscars prefer slow moving water, they also require the high oxygen levels normally incurred by quicker moving water.

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Will get territorial as they age.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor - May be OK with similiar sized and in a very large tank.

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Monitor

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

 

14-Peacock Cichlid

Cichla ocellaris

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Expert

  • Size of fish - inches: 30.0 inches (76.20 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 200 gal (757 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Cichla ocellaris

  • Social Grouping: Solitary

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 30.0 inches (76.20 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Expert

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes - When small they can be trained to take flakes.

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 200 gal (757 L) - 70 gallons is required for a juvenile, but a fully mature adult will require a tank of at least 200 gallons.

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 82.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 12 dGH

  • Brackish: No

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Can get aggressive if tank is too small.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Difficult - Breeding has not yet been accomplished in a tank but is common in ponds.

 

 

15-Pearl Cichlid

Geophagus brasiliensis

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 11.0 inches (27.94 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 68.0 to 73.0° F (20.0 to 22.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Geophagus brasiliensis

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 11.0 inches (27.94 cm) - The Pearl Eartheater Cichlid can reach a length of up to 11" (28 cm). The males are a third to a half larger than the females.

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

 

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 68.0 to 73.0° F (20.0 to 22.8° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 76 - 78° F (24 - 25.5° C)

  • Range ph: 6.2-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 10 - 15 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes - Can tolerate a salinity of about 10% of a normal saltwater tank or a specific gravity of less than 1.0002

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive - They are mostly tolerant of other fish except when breeding when they become territorial

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy

 

 

16-Pike Cichlid

Crenicichla lepidota

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.0 inches (17.78 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Crenicichla lepidota

  • Social Grouping: Pairs

  • IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern - Very stable population.

  • Size of fish - inches: 7.0 inches (17.78 cm)

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Feeding Frequency: Daily

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Unknown

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Tablet Pellet: Occasionally

  • Flake Food: Occasionally - When young they can be trained to take them.

  • Diet Type: Carnivores 

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - 30 gallon for a single fish and 100 or more for a pair.

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting

  • Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: - 79° F (26° C)

  • Range ph: 6.3-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 2 - 12 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Bottom

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Needs a very large tank.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor - Will attack anything their size or smaller.

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Safe

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21-  Texas Cichlid

Herichthys cyanoguttatus

 

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.0 inches (30.48 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 75.0° F (21.1 to 23.9° C)

  • Scientific Name: Herichthys cyanoguttatus

  • Social Grouping: Pairs - When young these fish will stay in groups, as they mature they become more solitary and will pair off to mate.

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.0 inches (30.48 cm)

  • Lifespan: 15 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L) - 50 gallons for a single fish and 100 gallons for a pair.

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 70.0 to 75.0° F (21.1 to 23.9° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 72.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 15 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - These fish will tolerate each other when young, but will attack each other as they mature. A male and female are normally fine together in a large tank.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

23-Uaru Cichlid

Uaru amphiacanthoides

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.0 inches (30.48 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 70 gal (265 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Difficult

  • Temperature: 79.0 to 82.0° F (26.1 to 27.8° C)

  • Scientific Name: Uaru amphiacanthoides

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 12.0 inches (30.48 cm) - The Uaru Cichlid grows to a length of 12" in the wild. They are generally smaller in aquaria, reaching about 10" (25 cm).

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Difficult - The most difficult part of keeping these fish is perfecting your aquarium's water levels and chemistry. Once the levels are correct, you will need to be diligent in your maintenance and cleaning to keep them in acceptable ranges.

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore - In aquariums them are more of a herbivore.

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet - Will occasionally feed on invertabrates.

  • Vegetable Food: Half of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 70 gal (265 L)

  • Substrate Type: Small Gravel

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting - Including some floating plants in your tank to diffuse the direct lighting.

  • Temperature: 79.0 to 82.0° F (26.1 to 27.8° C)

  • Range ph: 5.0-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 12 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Middle

  • Venomous: No

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Only happy if kept in a school.

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Safe

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Threat - Regular feedings of leafy greens can alleviate their desire to eat aquarium plants.

 

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

24-Wolf Cichlid

Parachromis dovii

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 28.0 inches (71.12 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 120 gal (454 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

 

  • Scientific Name: Parachromis dovii

  • Social Grouping: Solitary

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 28.0 inches (71.12 cm)

  • Lifespan: 30 years

     

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate - These are very large and aggressive fish, so only those who are well prepared for them and understand what the fish will require should keep them.

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: No

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Unknown

  • Meaty Food: All of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Daily

     

  • Water Changes: Weekly - Large water changes twice a week.

  • Minimum Tank Size: 120 gal (454 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

  • Range ph: 6.0-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 20 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Venomous: No

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - In a large enough tank a male and female can survive together.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

17- Port Acara

Cichlasoma portalegrense

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 66.0 to 75.0° F (18.9 to 23.9° C)

  • Scientific Name: Cichlasoma portalegrense

  • Social Grouping: Groups

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.0 inches (20.32 cm)

  • Lifespan: 6 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

 

  • Diet Type: Carnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Most of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet - Try some veggies such as cucumber or lettuce. If they enjoy it, feed it as a treat.

  • Meaty Food: Most of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Monthly - Since this is a long time frame, change at least 50% of the water each changing. Change more often if densely stocked!

  • Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - Larger for multiple fish.

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 66.0 to 75.0° F (18.9 to 23.9° C) - Have been known to tolerate down to 60 degrees.

  • Breeding Temperature: 76.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.0-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 1 - 10 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Peaceful - They are mostly peaceful, but can become aggressive and territorial when breeding. Be sure to monitor your fish during this time.

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Yes

    • Peaceful fish (): Monitor

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive

    • Plants: Safe - Make sure to anchor plants.

  • Ease of Breeding: Easy

 

 

 

18-Red Devil Cichlid

Amphilophus labiatus

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 15.0 inches (38.10 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 79.0° F (23.9 to 26.1° C)

  • Scientific Name: Amphilophus labiatus

  • Social Grouping: Solitary

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon aquarium is the minimum suggested for a single fish, 125 gallons for a pair, and 200 gallons if keeping several large cichlids.

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 79.0° F (23.9 to 26.1° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.5

  • Hardness Range: 6 - 25 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Bottom

  • Temperament: Large Aggressive - Predatory

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - They will only tolerate another Red Devil in a very large tank.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Plants: Threat

 

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

 

 

19-Redhump Eartheater

Geophagus steindachneri

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Size of fish - inches: 6.0 inches (15.24 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 76.0° F (23.9 to 24.4° C)

  • Scientific Name: Geophagus steindachneri

  • Social Grouping: Solitary

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 6.0 inches (15.24 cm) - The Redhump Eartheater can reach up to lengths of 9.84" (25 cm) in the wild, though usually only about 6" (15 cm) in the aquarium

  • Lifespan: 10 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Occasionally

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Half of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

  • Water Changes: Bi-weekly

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L) - If trying to keep two males a tank of at least 125 gallons is needed.

  • Substrate Type: Sand - Take care to remove all sharp items and substrate from the tank as these fish sift through the substrate and expel it out their gills. Sharp items could damage the delicate filaments of the gills.

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 75.0 to 76.0° F (23.9 to 24.4° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 79.0° F - 76-82.4 is the range for spawning.

  • Range ph: 6.5-7.0

  • Hardness Range: 5 - 15 dGH

  • Brackish: Sometimes

  • Water Movement: Moderate

  • Water Region: Bottom

  • Temperament: Peaceful

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - If keeping 2 males a very large tank is needed.

    • Peaceful fish (): Safe

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor - These fish should not be housed with aggressive fish.

    • Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Safe

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive - Will feed on small invertebrates that are in the substrate.

    • Plants: Monitor - These fish don't generally bother plants, however, they may end up digging up the roots of live plants so keep an eye on this.

  • Ease of Breeding: Moderate

 

20-Salvini Cichlid

Cichlasoma salvini

 

 

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.7 inches (22.00 cm)

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 79.0° F (22.2 to 26.1° C)

  • Scientific Name: Cichlasoma salvini

  • Social Grouping: Pairs - Should be kept either alone, in pairs, or in a very large tank with other cichlids.

  • IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

  • Size of fish - inches: 8.7 inches (22.00 cm) - These fish get up to 8.66 inches (22 cm), though they are ready to spawn at a smaller size of approximately 6 inches (15 cm).

  • Lifespan: 13 years

  • Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy

  • Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

  • Diet Type: Omnivore

  • Flake Food: Yes

  • Tablet Pellet: Yes

  • Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet

  • Vegetable Food: Some of Diet

  • Meaty Food: Some of Diet

  • Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day

     

  • Water Changes: Weekly - 20 - 25%

     

  • Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)

  • Substrate Type: Sand

  • Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting

  • Temperature: 72.0 to 79.0° F (22.2 to 26.1° C)

  • Breeding Temperature: 76.0° F

  • Range ph: 6.5-8.0

  • Hardness Range: 8 - 15 dGH

  • Water Movement: Moderate - On the high end of moderate. Canister filters and powerheads are recommended to provide good water movement.

  • Water Region: All

  • Temperament: Semi-aggressive

  • Compatible with:

    • Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Tank needs to be very large or they will fight over territory.

    • Peaceful fish (): Threat

    • Semi-Aggressive (): Threat

    • Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor

    • Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Monitor

    • Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat

    • Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive

    • Ease of Breeding: Easy

    • Plants: Safe

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