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Types of Cichlids

Fish Guides for African, South American, and Dwarf Cichlids

Cichlids are one of the largest families of fishes with more than 2000 types of cichlids, and new species are being discovered every year!

Cichlids are attractive, active, are generally quite durable fish. The Cichlid family offers the widest variety of body shapes, a vast range of sizes, and some very beautiful coloration and patterning. These characteristics are further complimented by their remarkable behavior, highly complex yet ritualistic. They are very active, intriguing, and many cichlids can be very personable, readily greeting their keepers and begging for food. All these traits make cichlids a favorite aquarium fish.

Our list of cichlid types covers a wide array of species from all around the world. The cichlid family is so vast that there are many types of cichlids that make good aquarium inhabitants. Some South American Cichlid species are of a more amiable nature, such as the severum, angelfish, and dwarf cichlids. These can be kept in a group environment. But many others are quite aggressive and are best kept singly. The African cichlids from the Rift Lakes are highly prized for their color. Others for unique characteristics as seen in the popular Tropheus genus, featherfins, goby cichlids, and shelldwellers to name a few.

Some cichld species, both African Cichlids and South American Cichlids, reach an impressive size and are great specimens for a large show tank. However some are not really suitable for the home aquarium due to size. But most seen in the hobby have a mix of fascinating of characteristics and are a delight to keep.

African Cichlids - Malawi Peacock Cichlids :

1- African Butterfly Peacock

Aulonocara jacobfreibergi

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 9.0 inches (22.86 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara jacobfreibergi
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 9.0 inches (22.86 cm) - These cichlids are extremely variable in length, ranging from 4 - 6" (10 - 15 cm) up to about 8 - 9" (20 - 23 cm). This group has some of the largest cichlids in the Peacock family.
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - Their diet is primarily carnivorous and although they feed on zooplankton which can contain some vegetable matter, they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon minimum is suggested for a single fish, with 75 gallons or more for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting - They prefer subdued lighting.
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the bottom and middle areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Can be kept in groups of 1 male with 4-6 females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

2-Aulonocara Blue Gold

Aulonocara korneliae

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 4.3 inches (11.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 74.0 to 81.0° F (23.3 to 27.2° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara korneliae
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 4.3 inches (11.00 cm)
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Carnivore - They are primarily carnivorous in nature, mostly seeking out meaty sand-dwelling invertebrates as food.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles should be fed daily and adults will need about 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon tank is minimum for a single fish, 75 gallons or more is suggested for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting - They prefer subdued lighting.
Temperature: 74.0 to 81.0° F (23.3 to 27.2° C)
Range ph: 7.5-8.6
Hardness Range: 10 - 25 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the bottom and middle areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - Can be kept in groups of 1 male with 4-6 females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

3-Aulonocara Fort Maguire

Aulonocara hansbaenschi

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm)
Lifespan: 6 years - They have a lifespan of about 6 to 10 years with proper care

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Carnivore - They are primarily carnivorous and although they may feed on zooplankton which can contain some vegetable matter, they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Water Changes: Weekly - Suggested water changes of 20-50% a week, as these are messy fish producing a heavy bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon tank is minimum suggested for a single fish, 100 gallons or more is best for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting - They prefer subdued lighting.
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)
Breeding Temperature: 78.8° F - Breeding temperatures are between 78.8 - 82.4° F (26 - 28° C).
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the bottom and middle areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - In a large aquarium, 100 gallons or more is suggested, one male can be kept with several females. Two males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

Ease of Breeding: Easy

4-Flavescent Peacock

Aulonocara stuartgranti

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 7.5 inches (19.05 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara stuartgranti
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 7.5 inches (19.05 cm) - These peacock cichlids grow to an average length of between 4.5 - 7.5 inches (11 - 19 cm), the size depends on location the originate from.
Lifespan: 6 years - They have a lifespan of 6 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - Although they may feed on zooplankton which can contain some vegetable matter, their diet is primarily carnivorous and they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Water Changes: Weekly - Suggested water changes of 20-50% a week, as these are messy fish producing a heavy bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon tank minimum is suggested for a single fish, with 100 gallons or more for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting - They prefer subdued lighting.
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will tend to swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - One male can be kept with 2 females in a 100 gallon tank. Two males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

African Cichlids - Malawi Cichlids

1- Auratus

Melanochromis auratus

Scientific Name: Melanochromis auratus
Social Grouping: Groups - This is a polygamous species that forms mixed harems with one dominant male and 8 - 10 females. Other non-breeding males, females, and juveniles may be found alone or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Diet Type: Omnivore - Although this fish is an omnivore, its has a highly herbivorous diet.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L) - A minimum of 50 gallons is the suggested for a species tank, with 125 gallons or more for a mixed group of cichlids.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive - Should only be housed with other aggressive tankmates.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with several females. The male will attack and kill any other males, even female will attack non-dominant males if the tank is too small.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

2- Blue moorii

Cyrtocara moorii

Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii
Social Grouping: Groups - These are a shoaling fish in nature.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)
Lifespan: 10 years - They have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.

Diet Type: Carnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 75 gal (284 L)
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.2-8.8
Hardness Range: 10 - 18 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 3 or more females.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

3- Dogtooth Cichlid

Cynotilapia afra

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 4.0 inches (10.03 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 26 gal (98 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Cynotilapia afra
Social Grouping: Varies - Females are solitary or live in groups while the males maintain territories to attract a harem.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 4.0 inches (10.03 cm) - These fish grow to a length of almost 4" (10 cm) in the wild, but are sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 7 years - They have a lifespan of about 7 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 26 gal (98 L) - A minimum 26 gallons is suggested for a pair, 55 gallons or more for a harem, and a larger tank if mixed with other African cichlids.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - They can be kept in a large Nano Tank, one that's 26 gallons or more.
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 3 females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

4- Electric Blue Hap

Sciaenochromis fryeri

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 6.1 inches (15.49 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Sciaenochromis fryeri
Social Grouping: Varies - This fish is never found in very large numbers, but probably comes together, forming harems, to breed.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 6.1 inches (15.49 cm) - These cichilds grow to a length of about 6" (15.5 cm), and are sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 7 years - They can have a lifespan of 7 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - They are primarily piscivores that feed mainly on small fish, and on rare occasions may nibble on some vegetation.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Generally feed several times a day in smaller amounts, but use caution as they have a tendency to overeat.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A minimum of 50 gallons is the suggested, with a length of at least 4', but for best success provide a 6' long aquarium.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 5 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with at least 4 females to prevent breeding stress. The male will attack and kill any other males.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

5- Electric Blue Johannii

Melanochromis johannii

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.49 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Scientific Name: Melanochromis johannii
Social Grouping: Varies - This is a polygamous species that forms mixed harems with one dominant male and several females. Other non-breeding males, females, and juveniles may be found alone or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.49 cm) - This cichlid grows to a length of just under 4" (10 cm) in the aquarium, but in the wild only grows to just under 3" (7.5 cm).
Lifespan: 12 years - They have a lifespan of about 12 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - A 30-40 gallon tank with a length of at least a 36" is the suggested minimum for a single fish or species tank, with 100 gallons or more for a mixed group of Mbunas.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with several females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

6- Electric Yellow Cichlid

Labidochromis caeruleus

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 3.2 inches (8.10 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Very Hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 79.0° F (23.9 to 26.1° C)

Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus
Social Grouping: Varies - In nature they are found either singly or in pairs.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus
Social Grouping: Varies - In nature they are found either singly or in pairs.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Half of Diet
Meaty Food: Half of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - A minimum of 30 gallons is the suggested, with 50 gallons being ideal.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 79.0° F (23.9 to 26.1° C)
Range ph: 7.2-8.8
Hardness Range: 10 - 20 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - As adults they can be kept singly or in pairs.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe

7- Livingstoni Cichlid

Nimbochromis livingstonii

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Scientific Name: Nimbochromis livingstonii
Social Grouping: Solitary
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)
Lifespan: 10 years - They have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore - This fish is primarily a predatory piscivore, though it will eat some vegetable foods on occasion.
Flake Food: Yes - Flakes work fine for juveniles until they reach about 3-4", but then they become too messy for the tank.
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but as adults 2 - 3 feedings a week are fine.

Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L) - When small they can be kept in a minimum 70 gallon tank, but for adults 125 gallons is suggested.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive - Although they are voracious predators, they are only moderately aggressive as long as the tank is large enough.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 3 or more females. The male will attack and kill another male.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

8- Maingano

Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.49 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos
Social Grouping: Varies - This is a polygamous species that forms mixed harems with one dominant male and several females. Other non-breeding males, females, and juveniles may be found alone or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.49 cm) - In the wild they only grow to just under 3" (7.5 cm) but are slightly larger in the aquarium, reaching a length of just under 4" (10 cm),
Lifespan: 9 years - They have a lifespan of about 9 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 30 gal (114 L) - A 30-40 gallon tank with a length of at least a 36" is the suggested minimum for a single fish or species tank, with 100 gallons or more for a mixed group of Mbunas.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with several females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

9-Malawi Eyebiter

Dimidiochromis compressiceps

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 86.0° F (22.8 to 30.0° C)

Scientific Name: Dimidiochromis compressiceps
Social Grouping: Solitary - It is mostly a solitary predator in nature.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm) - These fish grow to a length of 10" (25 cm) in the wild, and sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 7 years - They have a lifespan of 7 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore - This fish is primarily a predatory piscivore, but it will eat some vegetable foods on occasion too.
Flake Food: No
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L) - A minimum 125 gallon tank will be needed for a single fish or a small harem, a larger tank if kept with other cichlids.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 86.0° F (22.8 to 30.0° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive - They are natural hunters and will attack anything small enough to eat.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with several females. The male will attack and kill any other males of the same species in the tank unless the tank is hundreds of gallons.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

African Cichlids - Malawi Zebra Cichlids - Mbuna Cichlids :

1-Blue Daktari

Maylandia sp. daktari

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 3.9 inches (10.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 78.0 to 82.0° F (25.6 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Maylandia sp. daktari
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

Size of fish - inches: 3.9 inches (10.01 cm) - Males are about 4" (10 cm) in length in the wild, with females at about 3" (8 cm), but they can get slightly larger in captivity.
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of about 8 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested, depending on the bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L) - A minimum of 50 gallons is the suggested for a species tank, with 100 gallons or more for a mixed group of Mbunas.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 78.0 to 82.0° F (25.6 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.8-8.6
Hardness Range: 10 - 25 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 6 or more females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

Ease of Breeding: Easy

2- Bumblebee Mouthbrooder

Pseudotropheus crabro

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 78.0 to 82.0° F (25.6 to 27.8° C)
Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus crabro
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm) - The male grows to a length of about 6" (15 cm) with the female being smaller at about 5" (12 cm).
Lifespan: 10 years - Mbuna cichlids have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L) - A single fish can be kept in a 50 gallon tank, but a group will need 100 gallons or more with a length of at least 5 feet.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 78.0 to 82.0° F (25.6 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 8.0-14.0
Hardness Range: 10 - 18 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - A group of 1 male and 6+ females can be house in a 100 gallons or more, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

Ease of Breeding: Easy

3-Demanson's Cichlid

Pseudotropheus demasoni

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.67 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult
Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus demasoni
Social Grouping: Groups
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 3.0 inches (7.67 cm) - They only grow to about 2 1/2 to 3 inches (6.4 to 7.6 cm) in length. It is considered to be in the 'dwarf' category due to its size.
Lifespan: 10 years - Mbuna cichlids have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately Difficult
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A minimum of 40 gallons for a single fish, with 100 gallons or more for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 82.0° F (23.9 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.6-8.6
Hardness Range: 10 - 18 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive - Should only be housed with other aggressive Mbunas.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in a group of 12 or more. The male to female ratio can vary, but there should be more than one male.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

Ease of Breeding: Easy

4-Kenyi Cichlid

Maylandia lombardoi

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 5.0 inches (12.70 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 76.0 to 82.0° F (24.4 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Maylandia lombardoi
Social Grouping: Varies - Mature males are found defending a territory with a pit nest, while all others, males, females and juveniles, will be found singly or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 5.0 inches (12.70 cm) - It typically reaches 5" (12.7 cm) in length, but is sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 10 years - This cichlid can have a lifespan of up to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Half of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested, depending on the bio load. If tank is overstocked than several partial changes a week are recommended.

Minimum Tank Size: 50 gal (189 L) - A minimum of 50 gallons is the suggested for one male and several females, but a larger tank is needed for a mixed group of Mbunas.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 76.0 to 82.0° F (24.4 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.8-8.6
Hardness Range: 10 - 15 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept in groups of 1 male with several females, but 2 males will fight, usually to the death unless they are in a very large tank with plenty of territories.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor
- Ease of Breeding: Easy

5-Pseudotropheus Barlowi

Maylandia barlowi

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 4.9 inches (12.50 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 79.0° F (23.9 to 26.1° C)

Scientific Name: Maylandia barlowi
Social Grouping: Groups - They are found in rocky areas in large groups.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 4.9 inches (12.50 cm) - In the wild Maylandia barlowi is recorded at a maximum length of 3.94" (10 cm), but in the aquarium they can attain lengths up to 4.92" (12.5 cm).
Lifespan: 10 years - This cichlid can have a lifespan of up to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 25% or more each week are suggested, depending on the bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A minimum of 40 gallons is the suggested for a single fish, but to keep more than one or a mixed Mbuna tank provide a 5' tank of 125 gallons or more.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 79.0° F (23.9 to 26.1° C)
Range ph: 7.4-8.5
Hardness Range: 12 - 16 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive - They should only be house with other aggressive Mbunas.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept as one male with 3 or more females. They are very aggressive toward the females and will kill any other males in the tank.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

Ease of Breeding: Easy

6- Pseudotropheus Ice Blue

Maylandia greshakei

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 4.7 inches (11.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 78.0° F (22.8 to 25.6° C)

Scientific Name: Maylandia greshakei
Social Grouping: Varies - Males will be solitary defending a territory while females, juveniles, and non-breeding males will be seen singly or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 4.7 inches (11.99 cm) - They attain a length of about 4 3/4" (12 cm) in the wild, but can grow larger in the aquarium reaching up to 5.28" (13.4 cm).
Lifespan: 10 years - Mbuna cichlids have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of about 30% weekly are suggested, depending on the bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallons tank is suggested with a minimum length of 48" (122 cm) is suggested, and a larger tank is needed for a mixed group of Mbunas.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 78.0° F (22.8 to 25.6° C)
Range ph: 7.5-8.5
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 2 or 3 females. They will not tolerate any other male of their same species nor any similarly colored males of other species.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

Ease of Breeding: Easy

7- Red Zebra

Maylandia estherae

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 3.9 inches (10.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Maylandia estherae
Social Grouping: Groups - Males may be solitary defending a territory while females, juveniles, and non-breeding males may be alone or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable

Size of fish - inches: 3.9 inches (10.01 cm) - They attain a length of almost 4" (10 cm) in the wild, but can reach almost 5" (12.5 cm) in the aquarium.
Lifespan: 10 years - They have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallons tank is suggested with a minimum length of 48" (122 cm) is suggested, and a larger tank is needed for a mixed group of Mbunas.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 2 or 3 females. They will not tolerate any other male of their same species nor any similarly colored males of other species.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat

Ease of Breeding: Easy

8- Tropheops Red Cheek

Pseudotropheus tropheops tropheops

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 5.5 inches (14.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 78.0° F (23.9 to 25.6° C)

Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus tropheops tropheops
Social Grouping: Groups - Males may be solitary defending a territory while females, juveniles, and non-breeding males will be seen singly or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: VU - Vulnerable
Size of fish - inches: 5.5 inches (14.00 cm)
Lifespan: 10 years - Mbuna cichlids have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 30% weekly, or 20-40% bi-weekly are suggested, depending on the bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A minimum of 40 gallons is suggested for a single fish, with 50 gallons or more needed to keep more than one or for a mixed Mbuna tank.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 78.0° F (23.9 to 25.6° C)
Range ph: 8.0-9.0
Hardness Range: 8 - 12 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept in groups of 1 male with 5 or more females. They are very aggressive towards females, especially when in breeding mode, so the females must have plenty of hiding places.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe - They can be housed with other Mbunas as long as their size and coloring is different.
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Threat
- Ease of Breeding: Easy

African Cichlids - Tanganyika Cichlids :

1- Blue Neon Cichlid

Paracyprichromis nigripinnis

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 4.3 inches (11.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 65 gal (246 L)
Temperament: Peaceful
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 77.0 to 81.0° F (25.0 to 27.2° C)

Scientific Name: Paracyprichromis nigripinnis
Social Grouping: Groups - They are found in schools consisting of hundreds of fish.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 4.3 inches (11.00 cm) - The male grows to a length of just over 4.33" (11 cm). Females are smaller, reaching just over 3" (7.6 cm).
Lifespan: 5 years - They have a lifespan of 5 - 8 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality over time.

ater Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested, only do more if the water parameters are off. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water.

Minimum Tank Size: 65 gal (246 L) - A minimum of 65 gallons is the suggested, with 80 gallons or more being better as this is a shoaling species.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 77.0 to 81.0° F (25.0 to 27.2° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperatures range between 77 - 82.4° F (25 - 28 C).
Range ph: 8.0-8.5
Hardness Range: 12 - 25 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Peaceful
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - A schooling species, they need to be kept in groups of at least 10, with more being better.
- Peaceful fish (): Safe - They are very peaceful, gregarious cichlid that can be housed with non-cichlid species.
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Moderate

2- Brevis Shelldweller

Neolamprologus brevis

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 2.4 inches (5.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 5 gal (19 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 80.0° F (23.9 to 26.7° C)

Scientific Name: Neolamprologus brevis
Social Grouping: Pairs - They occur in pairs or singly.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 2.4 inches (5.99 cm) - The male grows to a length of almost 2.5" (6 cm). Females are smaller, reaching 1.5" (4 cm).
Lifespan: 8 years - The Neolamprologus genus can live 8 - 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality over time.

Aquarium Care

Do normal water changes of about 10% to 15% biweekly or weekly, depending on stocking numbers. The Lake Tanganyika cichlids cannot handle large water changes very well unless the new water chemistry closely matches the water they are in. If a large water change is needed, changing 15% every couple of days should bring water back to normal. This inability to tolerate large water changes is due to Lake Tanganyika being very deep and the water tends to stay stable

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-15% weekly are suggested, only do more if the water parameters are off. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water.

Minimum Tank Size: 5 gal (19 L) - A 5 gallon tank is the minimum suggested for a pair and 10 gallons for 2 pairs. If keeping 2 - 3 males and a small harem of females, or mixing with other species, a 20 gallon long tank or more is suggested.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Yes
Substrate Type: Sand - A sandy substrate that is 2" deep is needed for these shell dwellers.
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 80.0° F (23.9 to 26.7° C)
Breeding Temperature: 75.0° F - Breeding temperature ranges between 75 - 80.5° F (24 - 27 C).
Range ph: 8.6-9.5
Hardness Range: 10 - 13 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor - They do well with other peaceful cichlids.
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive
- Plants: Safe

Ease of Breeding: Easy

3-Callochromis macrops

Callochromis macrops

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 5.3 inches (13.49 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 100 gal (379 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 80.0° F (23.9 to 26.7° C)

Scientific Name: Callochromis macrops
Social Grouping: Solitary
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.3 inches (13.49 cm) - The males can reach just over 5 inches (13.5 cm) in length with the females being slightly smaller.
Lifespan: 5 years - They have a lifespan of 5 - 8 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-15% weekly are suggested, only do more if the water parameters are off. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water.

Minimum Tank Size: 100 gal (379 L)
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 80.0° F (23.9 to 26.7° C)
Range ph: 7.8-9.5
Hardness Range: 10 - 11 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are very aggressive towards their own kind. They are best kept singly or in a small harem of one male (only 1!) with 4 to 6 females.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Moderate

4-Compressed Cichlid

Altolamprologus compressiceps

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 7.9 inches (19.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 74.0 to 79.0° F (23.3 to 26.1° C)

Scientific Name: Altolamprologus compressiceps
Social Grouping: Solitary - They tend to live singly except when breeding.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Carnivore
Flake Food: Occasionally
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Half of Diet
Meaty Food: All of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality over time.

Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A 40 - 50 gallon aquarium is suggested for a single adult with 100 gallons or more for a pair or if mixing species, and larger for more than one pair.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 74.0 to 79.0° F (23.3 to 26.1° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperatures range between 77 - 86° F (25 - 30 C).
Range ph: 8.0-8.5 - Wild caught specimens prefer the higher pH.
Hardness Range: 12 - 15 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the bottom and middle of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Though they are primarily a solitary species, a pair can be kept in 100 gallon or larger aquarium.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe - They are predatory, so all tankmates must be too large to be eaten.
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Moderate

5-Convict Julie

Julidochromis regani

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 11.8 inches (30.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 84.0° F (23.9 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Julidochromis regani
Social Grouping: Pairs
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 11.8 inches (30.00 cm) - They can grow to a length of almost 12" (30 cm) in the wild, but are commonly much smaller in captivity with females reaching about 6" (15 cm) and males reaching 4" (10 cm).
Lifespan: 10 years - They have a lifespan of 10 years or longer with proper care, some have reportedly lived for up to 19 years.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality over time.
Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-15% weekly are suggested, only do more if the water parameters are off. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water.
Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L) - A minimum of 20 gallons is suggested for a single fish, with 40 gallons or more if keeping more than one or for a community tank.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - A 20 gallon Nano tank can house a single specimen.
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Temperature: 75.0 to 84.0° F (23.9 to 28.9° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperatures range between 77 - 80.6° F (25 - 27 C).
Range ph: 7.8-9.2
Hardness Range: 7 - 13 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept singly, as a pair, or in a group if the tank is large enough.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Easy

10-Red Empress

Protomelas taeniolatus

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 75 gal (284 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Protomelas taeniolatus
Social Grouping: Varies - Generally solitary, coming together in groups to spawn.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm) - They grow to a length of 5-6" (13-15 cm) in nature, and sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 7 years - They have a lifespan of 7 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than one or two larger feedings.

Minimum Tank Size: 75 gal (284 L) - A minimum 75 gallons is suggested, though a 100 gallons is preferred.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with at least 3 females, 2 males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe

11-Red Fin Kadango

Copadichromis borleyi

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 6.7 inches (16.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 75 gal (284 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Copadichromis borleyi
Social Grouping: Groups - They can be in schools of just a few fish, or shoals comprised of thousands of fish.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 6.7 inches (16.99 cm) - These fish grow to a length of 6 to about 6 1/2" (15 -17 cm) in nature, and sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 7 years - They have a lifespan of 7 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Feed juveniles once a day and adults 5 - 6 times a week.

Minimum Tank Size: 75 gal (284 L) - A minimum 75 gallon tank with a length of 5' is suggested.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Top - These fish will swim in the top and middle areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of one male with 3 or more females.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe - Avoid keeping fish of similar size and color to keep aggression to a minimum.
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe

12-Trewavas Red-Finned Cichlid

Labeotropheus trewavasae

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 15.0 inches (38.10 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Labeotropheus trewavasae
Social Grouping: Varies - They are found singly or in small groups.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 15.0 inches (38.10 cm) - The females grow to a length of almost 4" (10 cm) while the males are larger, almost reaching 6" (15 cm).
Lifespan: 6 years - The average lifespan for this fish is about 6 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore - They are primarily herbivorous, so at least 95% of their diet should be vegetable based.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Most of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C) - Many keepers of the Trewavas Cichlid report a cooler temperature requirement of 72 to 77° F (22 - 24° C). Slowly acclimating them up to 82° F (28° C) can be done to fit the needs of the aquarist.
Range ph: 7.0-8.4
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with 4 or more females, and the male will attack and kill any other males.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

13-Venustus

Nimbochromis venustus

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Scientific Name: Nimbochromis venustus
Social Grouping: Groups - As juveniles they are seen in schools.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 9.8 inches (24.99 cm) - They grows to a length of 9.84" (25 cm) in the wild, but are sometimes larger in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 10 years - They have a lifespan of about 10 years with proper care.
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Diet Type: Omnivore - This fish is a predatory piscivore, meaning it stalks and eats small fish, but it will eat some vegetable foods on occasion too.
Flake Food: Occasionally - Flakes work fine for juveniles to about 3-4", but then become too messy for the tank.
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but as adults 2 - 3 feedings a week are fine.
Minimum Tank Size: 125 gal (473 L) - Juveniles can be kept in a 70 gallon tank, but for adults 125 gallons is suggested.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 82.0° F (22.8 to 27.8° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6 - Venustus can tolerate a ph that's just above 7.0, but prefer 8.0 or higher.
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive - Although they are voracious predators, if the tank is large enough they are only moderately aggressive accept when spawning.
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are best kept in groups of 1 male with several females. The male will attack and kill another male unless the tank is very large. If there are 6-8 adults they will shoal together.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

5-Maulana Bicolor Peacock

Aulonocara stuartgranti

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 3.9 inches (10.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara stuartgranti
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 3.9 inches (10.01 cm) - This is a smaller peacock cichlid, reaching a length of only about 2 - 4" (9 -10 cm).
Lifespan: 6 years - They have a lifespan of 6 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - Although they may feed on zooplankton which can contain some vegetable matter, their diet is primarily carnivorous and they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Water Changes: Weekly - Suggested water changes of 20-50% a week, as these are messy fish producing a heavy bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon tank minimum is suggested for a single fish, with 100 gallons or more for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will tend to swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - One male can be kept with 2 females in a large (100 gallon+) tank. Two males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

6-Nkhomo Benga Peacock

Aulonocara baenschi

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara baenschi
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - Although they may feed on some vegetable matter in the wild, their diet is primarily carnivorous and they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Water Changes: Weekly - Suggested water changes of 20-50% a week, as these are messy fish producing a heavy bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A 40 gallon tank minimum is suggested for a single fish, but a larger tank, 100 gallons or more, is best for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)
Range ph: 7.8-8.6
Hardness Range: 10 - 18 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will tend to swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They do best in groups of one male kept with 6 females in a large (100 gallon+) tank. Two males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Safe
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

Ease of Breeding: Easy

7- Rubin Red Peacock

Aulonocara stuartgranti

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara stuartgranti
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Lifespan: 6 years - They have a lifespan of about 6 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - Although they may feed on zooplankton, which can contain some vegetable matter, their diet is primarily carnivorous and they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Water Changes: Weekly - Suggested water changes of 20-50% a week, as these are messy fish producing a heavy bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon tank minimum is suggested for a single fish, with 100 gallons or more for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will tend to swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - One male can be kept with 2 females in a large (100 gallon+) tank. Two males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

Ease of Breeding: Easy

8- Sunshine Peacock

Aulonocara stuartgranti

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)

Scientific Name: Aulonocara stuartgranti
Social Grouping: Harems
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Lifespan: 6 years - They have a lifespan of about 6 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore - Although they may feed on zooplankton, which can contain some vegetable matter, their diet is primarily carnivorous and they mostly seek out meaty foods.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet - Avoid tubifex worms, and do not offer mammal meat, as they may contribute to a disease called "Malawi bloat".
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Juveniles can be fed daily, but adults need only 5 - 6 feedings a week.

Water Changes: Weekly - Suggested water changes of 20-50% a week, as these are messy fish producing a heavy bio load.

Minimum Tank Size: 55 gal (208 L) - A 55 gallon tank minimum is suggested for a single fish, with 100 gallons or more for a group.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Any
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting - They prefer subdued lighting.
Temperature: 73.0 to 84.0° F (22.8 to 28.9° C)
Range ph: 7.7-8.6
Hardness Range: 6 - 10 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will tend to swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - One male can be kept with 2 females in a large (100 gallon+) tank. Two males will fight.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Monitor

6-Cylinder Cichlid

Neolamprologus cylindricus

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 4.9 inches (12.50 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 77.0 to 82.0° F (25.0 to 27.8° C)

Scientific Name: Neolamprologus cylindricus
Social Grouping: Solitary - They are found single, but will form monogamous pairs while breeding.
IUCN Red List: NE - Not Evaluated or not listed

Size of fish - inches: 4.9 inches (12.50 cm)
Lifespan: 8 years - The Neolamprologus genus can live 8 - 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Carnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-15% weekly are suggested, only do more if the water parameters are off. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water.

Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A minimum of 40 gallons is the suggested for a single fish, with 55 gallons or more for a pair or if mixing with other species.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 77.0 to 82.0° F (25.0 to 27.8° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperature ranges between 77 - 82.4° F (25 - 28 C).
Range ph: 8.6-9.5
Hardness Range: 10 - 13 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - alt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.

Temperament: Aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - They are aggressive towards conspecifics, accept as a breeding pair.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe

Ease of Breeding: Easy

7- Daffodil Cichlid

Neolamprologus pulcher

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)

Scientific Name: Neolamprologus pulcher
Social Grouping: Groups - They occur in schools, often consisting of hundreds of fish.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm) - In the wild they grows to a length of 4 - 5" (10-13 cm), and are generally larger specimens in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water, only do more if the water parameters are off.
Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L) - A minimum of 15 gallons is the suggested for a species tank, with 20 or 35 gallons being better, and 50 gallons or more is needed for mixing species.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - A larger nano tank of 15 gallons or more, can be used for a species only aquarium.
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Best breeding temperature is 77° F (25 C) or slightly higher
Range ph: 8.0-8.5 - Wild caught specimens prefer the higher Ph.
Hardness Range: 10 - 20 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept singly, in pairs, or in small groups of 6 or more.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Easy

8- Dickfeld's Julie

Julidochromis dickfeldi

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 4.3 inches (11.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 73.0 to 80.0° F (22.8 to 26.7° C)

Scientific Name: Julidochromis dickfeldi
Social Grouping: Solitary - Usually solitary except when spawning.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 4.3 inches (11.00 cm) - Can reach a length of 4 1/3" (11 cm), with the males probably a little smaller.
Lifespan: 5 years - This have a lifespan of 5 - 7 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Occasionally
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality over time.
Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-15% weekly are suggested, only do more if the water parameters are off. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water.

Minimum Tank Size: 20 gal (76 L) - A minimum of 20 gallons is suggested for a pair, with 75 gallons or more for a community type tank.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Yes - A 20 gallon Nano tank can house a single specimen or a pair.
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 73.0 to 80.0° F (22.8 to 26.7° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperatures range between 77 - 80.6° F (25 - 27 C).
Range ph: 8.5-9.2
Hardness Range: 8 - 12 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Bottom - These fish will swim in the bottom areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Sometimes - Though it is aggressive with others of its own genus it can be kept singly or as a pair.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe - It is intolerant of other Julie cichlids, but relatively peaceful with other Tanganyika Cichlids
- Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Easy

13-Lemon Cichlid

Neolamprologus leleupi

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)

Scientific Name: Neolamprologus brichardi
Social Grouping: Groups - They occur in schools, often consisting of hundreds of fish.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm) - In the wild they grows to a length of 4 - 5" (10-13 cm), and are generally larger specimens in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.

Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water, only do more if the water parameters are off.

Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L) - A minimum of 15 gallons is the suggested for a species tank, with 20 or 35 gallons being better, and 50 gallons or more is needed for mixing species.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - A larger nano tank of 15 gallons or more, can be used for a species only aquarium.
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperatures are between 77 - 86° F (25 - 30 C).
Range ph: 8.0-8.5 - A pH less than 7 is not tolerated, and wild caught specimens prefer the higher pH.
Hardness Range: 10 - 20 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept singly, in pairs, or in small groups of 6 or more.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
- Plants: Safe
- Ease of Breeding: Easy

9-Fairy Cichlid

Neolamprologus brichardi:

Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)
Scientific Name: Neolamprologus brichardi
Social Grouping: Groups - They occur in schools, often consisting of hundreds of fish.
Scientific Name: Neolamprologus brichardi
Social Grouping: Groups - They occur in schools, often consisting of hundreds of fish.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.1 inches (13.00 cm) - In the wild they grows to a length of 4 - 5" (10-13 cm), and are generally larger specimens in home aquaria.
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years with proper care.

Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Beginner
Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.
Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water, only do more if the water parameters are off.

Minimum Tank Size: 15 gal (57 L) - A minimum of 15 gallons is the suggested for a species tank, with 20 or 35 gallons being better, and 50 gallons or more is needed for mixing species.
Suitable for Nano Tank: Sometimes - A larger nano tank of 15 gallons or more, can be used for a species only aquarium.
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Low - subdued lighting
Temperature: 72.0 to 77.0° F (22.2 to 25.0° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperatures are between 77 - 86° F (25 - 30 C).
Range ph: 8.0-8.5 - A pH less than 7 is not tolerated, and wild caught specimens prefer the higher pH.
Hardness Range: 10 - 20 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept singly, in pairs, or in small groups of 6 or more.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
Plants: Safe
Ease of Breeding: Easy

10-Five-Bar Cichlid

Neolamprologus tretocephalus

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L)
Temperament: Aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 78.0 to 80.0° F (25.6 to 26.7° C)

Scientific Name: Neolamprologus tretocephalus
Social Grouping: Pairs - Adults form territorial pairs.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 5.9 inches (15.01 cm) - The can grow to a length of almost 6" (15 cm), but more commonly reach just 4" (10 cm).
Lifespan: 8 years - They have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years with proper care.
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Diet Type: Omnivore - Although they are omivorous, in the wild they primarily feed on fish and mollusks such as snails.
Flake Food: Yes
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Most of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day, what they can eat in about 3 minutes or less, rather than a single large feeding.
Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested, depending on bioload and stocking levels.
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gal (151 L) - A minimum of 40 gallons is suggested for a fish under 4", and larger as the fish matures. For a breeding pair or when keeping a mixed tank, about 80 gallons and 4' in length will be needed.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 78.0 to 80.0° F (25.6 to 26.7° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Best breeding temperature is 77° F (25 C) or slightly higher.
Range ph: 8.6-9.5 - Some specimens will adjust to neutral water if it is done slowly.
Hardness Range: 10 - 13 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Middle - These fish will swim in the middle and bottom areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They can be kept in pairs, but will be intolerant of any others of their same species.
- Peaceful fish (): Threat
- Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Aggressive (): Safe
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
Plants: Safe
Ease of Breeding: Easy

11-Frontosa

Cyphotilapia frontosa

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 13.8 inches (35.00 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 70 gal (265 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 74.0 to 79.0° F (23.3 to 26.1° C)

Scientific Name: Cyphotilapia frontosa
Social Grouping: Groups
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern
Size of fish - inches: 13.8 inches (35.00 cm) - In nature they reach almost 14" (35 cm) in length (some resources say 16" = 40.6 cm). They are usually smaller in the aquarum with males at about 12" (30 cm) and females about 10" (25.4 cm).

Size of fish - inches: 13.8 inches (35.00 cm) - In nature they reach almost 14" (35 cm) in length (some resources say 16" = 40.6 cm). They are usually smaller in the aquarum with males at about 12" (30 cm) and females about 10" (25.4 cm).
Lifespan: 25 years - With proper care this species may live 25 years or more.
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate - Although they are moderately easy to care for, they require a large tank with appropriate tankmates.
Diet Type: Carnivore
Flake Food: No
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Meaty Food: All of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Several feedings per day - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large feeding for better water quality over time.
Water Changes: Weekly - Water changes of 10-20% weekly are suggested, depending on bioload and stocking levels.
Minimum Tank Size: 70 gal (265 L) - A minimum 70 gallon tank that is at least 48" in length can house a single specimen. For a group a minimum 125 gallon tank is suggested, with 200 gallons or more being best for long term care.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 74.0 to 79.0° F (23.3 to 26.1° C)
Breeding Temperature: 77.0° F - Breeding temperature ranges between 77 - 82.4° F (25 - 28 C).
Range ph: 8.0-8.5
Hardness Range: 12 - 15 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: All - These fish will swim in all areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are gregarious and like companionship. Groups can consist of 1 male with 3 or more females, or a mixed group of 8 - 12 individuals.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor - Fish smaller than about 3" may be at risk of being eaten by an adult.
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Monitor
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Monitor
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: Threat - is aggressive
Plants: Safe
Ease of Breeding: Easy

12- Gold Nasuta

Ophthalmotilapia nasuta

Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate
Size of fish - inches: 7.1 inches (17.96 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 100 gal (379 L)
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Temperature: 75.0 to 80.0° F (23.9 to 26.7° C)

Scientific Name: Ophthalmotilapia nasuta
Social Grouping: Varies - They are found either solitary or sometimes in groups.
IUCN Red List: LC - Least Concern

Size of fish - inches: 7.1 inches (17.96 cm) - Females are smaller than males.
Lifespan: 5 years - This species is reported to generally live between 3 - 5 years, though most Lake Tanganyica species can have a lifespan of 5 - 8 years with proper care.
Aquarium Hardiness: Moderately hardy
Aquarist Experience Level: Intermediate

Diet Type: Omnivore
Flake Food: Occasionally
Tablet Pellet: Yes
Live foods (fishes, shrimps, worms): Some of Diet
Vegetable Food: Some of Diet
Meaty Food: Some of Diet
Feeding Frequency: Daily - Offer several small feedings a day rather than a single large
feeding for better water quality over time.

Minimum Tank Size: 100 gal (379 L) - A tank that is 100 gallons and 5 feet (150 cm) in length is the suggested minimum size.
Suitable for Nano Tank: No
Substrate Type: Sand/Gravel Mix
Lighting Needs: Moderate - normal lighting
Temperature: 75.0 to 80.0° F (23.9 to 26.7° C)
Range ph: 7.8-9.5
Hardness Range: 10 - 13 dGH
Brackish: Sometimes - Salt is not found in their natural environment, but they do have a slight tolerance, keep levels below 10% - a specific gravity of less than 1.0002.
Water Movement: Moderate
Water Region: Top - These fish will swim in the top and middle areas of the aquarium.
Temperament: Semi-aggressive
Compatible with:
- Same species - conspecifics: Yes - They are generally peaceful with conspecifics, generally only when spawning do they become territorial.
- Peaceful fish (): Monitor
- Semi-Aggressive (): Safe
- Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Semi-Aggressive (): Threat
- Large Aggressive, Predatory (): Threat
- Slow Swimmers & Eaters (): Threat
- Shrimps, Crabs, Snails: May be aggressive
- Plants: Safe
Ease of Breeding: Moderate

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